India
IN · IND
Al: 18/07/2026
Wachstumsmarkt / Produktions-, Pharma- und IT-Hub Südasiens
Capitale: Nuova Delhi
Südasien; SAFTA; WTO-MitgliedSeefrachtLuftfrachtStrasseSchieneBinnenschifffahrtIVA import: IGST auf Importe seit 22.9.2025 meist 5 oder 18 Prozent (Luxus/Sin 40 Prozent), auf Zollwert plus ZollDogana: hochRischio: mittelPharma: hochMerci pericolose: hochE-Commerce: hoch
Panoramica
India (ISO code: IN) lies in South Asia and borders Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Myanmar, with coastlines on the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. It is a federal parliamentary republic and one of the world's largest economies, strong in manufacturing, services, agriculture and information technology. The climate ranges from tropical in the south to temperate in the north and alpine in the Himalayas, shaped by pronounced monsoon seasons. Foreign trade is central: major ports such as Mundra and Nhava Sheva (JNPA), a dense rail and road network and busy cargo airports like Delhi and Mumbai underpin its transit and logistics role. Customs clearance is handled electronically through ICEGATE under the CBIC. Since the GST reform of 22 September 2025, import IGST is mostly 5 or 18 percent (40 percent on luxury and sin goods), in addition to basic customs duty and a 10 percent social welfare surcharge. India has an expanding network of trade agreements, including the EFTA TEPA in force since 1 October 2025. The currency is the Indian rupee (INR).
Paesi menzionati
Termini nel glossario
Superficie3.287.259 km²
Popolazione1.450.935.791
ValutaRupia indiana (INR)
Area economicaSüdasien; SAFTA; WTO-Mitglied
ContinenteAsia
ReligioniHinduismus, Islam, Christentum, Sikhismus, Buddhismus
Codice ISOIN / IND
Dogana & Import/Export
Autorità doganale
Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC)Sistema import
Elektronische Abfertigung über ICEGATE/ICES mit Single-Window SWIFT; Einfuhr per Bill of Entry, risikobasierte Prüfung (RMS).
Sistema export
Elektronische Ausfuhr über ICEGATE/ICES; Shipping Bill als Ausfuhranmeldung, Single-Window SWIFT, RoDTEP-Erstattung.
IVA all'import
- IGST auf Importe seit 22.9.2025 meist 5 oder 18 Prozent (Luxus/Sin 40 Prozent), auf Zollwert plus Zoll
- dazu Basiszoll (BCD) plus 10 Prozent Social Welfare Surcharge.
Complessità doganalehoch
Documenti import
- Bill of Entry
- Handelsrechnung
- Packliste
- Konnossement / Luftfrachtbrief
- Ursprungszeugnis
- IEC-Nummer
Documenti export
- Shipping Bill
- Handelsrechnung
- Packliste
- Konnossement / Luftfrachtbrief
- Ursprungszeugnis (FTA)
- IEC-Nummer
- LUT / GST-Nachweis
Prove origine / ALS
Präferenznachweise je Abkommen: EUR.1/Ursprungserklärung (EFTA-TEPA seit 1.10.2025), CoO Form für UAE-CEPA, Australien-ECTA, ASEAN, Japan- und Korea-CEPA; teils Selbstzertifizierung.
Merci vietate
Einfuhrbeschränkungen u.a. bestimmte Tier-/Pflanzenprodukte, Gold-/Devisenregeln, Altwaren und Gebrauchtmaschinen, gefährliche Abfälle; Lizenzpflichten laut DGFT ITC(HS)-Politik.
Controllo esportazioni
Exportkontrolle über die SCOMET-Liste der DGFT (Dual-Use), angelehnt an NSG, MTCR, Wassenaar und Australia Group; neue Kategorie 7 (Emerging Tech) seit 23.9.2025.
Senza garanzia — verificare sempre con spedizioniere e autorità.
Dogana / Import / Export (India) — Processo generale
Panoramica operativa per spedizioni verso l'India. A seconda della merce, permessi/norme aggiuntivi possono applicarsi; prevedi margine e mantieni documenti/valori coerenti.
Documenti (tipici)
- Fattura commerciale (descrizione, valore, Incoterms)
- Lista di imballaggio (pesi, dimensioni, colli)
- Codice HS / nomenclatura doganale
- Prova di origine / documenti di preferenza (se pertinente)
- A seconda della merce: permessi/certificati aggiuntivi
Processo (semplificato)
- Preparare export (dati puliti, codice HS, valori)
- Sdoganamento spesso via broker/agente; possibili ispezioni
- Rilascio, dazi/imposte e consegna
Errori frequenti
- Certificati/requisiti prodotto mancanti → ritardi
- Codice HS non allineato → rischio costi
- Valori/documenti incoerenti → richieste
Importante: i requisiti dipendono da merce, origine, Incoterms, valore e destinatario. In caso di dubbio, verificare con spedizioniere/agente doganale e fonti ufficiali.
Link ufficiali
Commercio
Infrastruttura merci & rete di trasporto
Rilevanza del trasporto
Aria
altoMarittimo
altoStrada
altoFerrovia
altoFluviale
medioAeroporti cargo
- Delhi (DEL)
- Mumbai (BOM)
- Bengaluru (BLR)
- Chennai (MAA)
- Hyderabad (HYD)
- Kolkata (CCU)
Porti marittimi / di accesso
- Mundra (Adani, groesster Hafen nach Umschlag)
- Nhava Sheva / JNPA (groesster Containerhafen)
- Chennai
- Visakhapatnam
- Deendayal / Kandla
- Paradip
- Kolkata / Haldia
- Cochin
- Tuticorin (V.O. Chidambaranar)
Porti interni & terminal
- ICD Tughlakabad (Delhi)
- ICD Dadri / Greater Noida
- ICD Whitefield (Bengaluru)
- ICD Ludhiana
Corridoi stradali & valichi di frontiera
- Golden Quadrilateral
- North-South- und East-West-Korridor
- Delhi - Mumbai Expressway
Corridoi ferroviari
- Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC)
- Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor
- Delhi - Mumbai
- Delhi - Kolkata (Howrah)
Principali rotte commerciali
- Indien - USA
- Indien - VAE
- Indien - China
- Indien - EU
- Indien - ASEAN
Rischi & note operative
Rischio logisticomittel
Rischio ritardo doganalemittel bis hoch
Rischio congestione portualemittel
Note di rischio
Hoher Dokumentenaufwand und Bürokratie, regionale Infrastrukturunterschiede, Hafen- und Strassenstaus in Ballungsräumen; Grenzspannungen mit Pakistan und China.
Rischi stagionali & meteo
Südwestmonsun Juni bis September (Überschwemmungen, Strassensperren), Zyklonsaison an Ost- und Westküste, Hitzewellen im Vorsommer.
Note logistiche attuali
GST-Reform (GST 2.0) seit 22.9.2025 mit zwei Hauptsätzen (5/18 Prozent) plus 40-Prozent-Sondersatz weiterhin in Kraft; EFTA-TEPA seit 1.10.2025 in Kraft (auch für die Schweiz); starker Ausbau von Häfen und Frachtkorridoren (DFC). Keine landesweite Störung verifiziert (Stand 2026-07-18).
Al: 2026-07-18
Note operative senza pretesa di completezza. Verificare con lo spedizioniere.
Festività
Al: 18 lug 2026
| Data | Festività | Tipo | Dogana chiusa | Trasporto interessato | Nota |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 gen 2026 | Giorno della Repubblica | Nazionale | |||
| 15 ago 2026 | Giorno dell'Indipendenza | Nazionale | |||
| 2 ott 2026 | Gandhi Jayanti | Nazionale | |||
| 8 nov 2026 | Diwali (festa delle luci) | Nazionale | India's most important festival; a multi-day slowdown of production, transport and customs around the date. The exact date shifts yearly with the lunar calendar. |
Giorno della Repubblica
26 gen 2026
Dogana chiusaTrasporto interessato
Giorno dell'Indipendenza
15 ago 2026
Dogana chiusaTrasporto interessato
Gandhi Jayanti
2 ott 2026
Dogana chiusaTrasporto interessato
Diwali (festa delle luci)
8 nov 2026
Dogana chiusaTrasporto interessato
India's most important festival; a multi-day slowdown of production, transport and customs around the date. The exact date shifts yearly with the lunar calendar.
Fonti: Gazetted Holidays India / timeanddate · Gazetted Holidays India / timeanddate
Pedaggi & tariffe
Al: 18 lug 2026
National Highway Tolls (FASTag)
PedaggioOperatore: National Highways Authority of India (NHAI)
Registrazione richiestaOBU obbligatoria
car, truck, articulated, bus
Tolls on national highways at toll plazas, levied by the NHAI. Payment is exclusively electronic via the RFID-based FASTag system (mandatory for all vehicles). Rates depend on vehicle class and highway section.
Aeroporti in questo paese
Chennai International Airport
MAA · Chennai
Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport
BOM · Mumbai
Cochin International Airport
COK · Kochi
Dabolim Airport
GOI · Vasco da Gama
Indira Gandhi International Airport
DEL · New Delhi
Kempegowda International Airport
BLR · Bangalore
Manohar International Airport
GOX · Mopa
Navi Mumbai International Airport
NMI · Navi Mumbai
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport
CCU · Kolkata
Rajiv Gandhi International Airport
HYD · Hyderabad
Rajkot International Airport
HSR · Rajkot
Thiruvananthapuram International Airport
TRV · Thiruvananthapuram
Porti marittimi in questo paese
Calcutta
IN CCU · Large
Chennai (Madras)
IN MAA · Large
Dahej
IN DAH · Large
Dhamra
INDMQ · Large
Gangavaram
INGGV · Large
Kamarajar Port
INENR · Large
Kattupalli Port
Large
Krishnapatnam
INKRI · Large
Mumbai (Bombay)
IN BOM · Large
Jawaharlal Nehru Port (Nhava Shiva)
IN NSA · Medium
Kochi (Cochin)
IN KOC · Medium
New Mangalore
IN NML · Medium
Rotte di transito popolari
Ultime notizie
Altri contenuti su questo paese
Quando saranno disponibili contenuti, qui verranno mostrati automaticamente ulteriori informazioni e articoli.
Fonti & Affidabilità
hochVerificato: 2026-07-18
Fonti ufficiali
- cbic.gov.in
- icegate.gov.in
- dgft.gov.in
- pib.gov.in
Fonti senza garanzia. Per decisioni legali/fiscali, consultare le autorità ufficiali.
FAQ
How high is import VAT (IGST) in India?
Since the GST reform of 22 September 2025 there are two main rates of 5 and 18 percent, plus a special 40 percent rate for luxury and sin goods. Import IGST is levied on the customs value plus basic customs duty (BCD) and the social welfare surcharge, and is creditable as input tax.
How does customs clearance work in India?
Clearance is electronic via ICEGATE/ICES of the customs authority CBIC, using the SWIFT single window. Importers file a Bill of Entry, exporters a Shipping Bill; a risk management system (RMS) determines inspections.
What benefits does the EFTA agreement TEPA bring for Swiss exporters?
The agreement between India and EFTA (Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein) entered into force on 1 October 2025. India is removing tariffs on most industrial goods; Swiss exporters benefit from preferences with proof of origin (EUR.1 or origin declaration).
How is export control for dual-use goods regulated?
The relevant list is the DGFT's SCOMET list (Special Chemicals, Organisms, Materials, Equipment and Technologies), aligned with NSG, MTCR, Wassenaar and the Australia Group. Since 23 September 2025 there is a new Category 7 for emerging technologies; a per-shipment licence may be required.
What are India's most important seaports?
Mundra (Adani) is the largest port by throughput, Nhava Sheva / JNPA the largest container port (about 7.9 million TEU in 2025). Other key ports are Chennai, Visakhapatnam, Deendayal/Kandla, Paradip and Kolkata/Haldia.
Which airports matter most for air cargo?
Delhi (DEL) is the largest cargo airport with about 1.1 million tonnes, followed by Mumbai (BOM), Bengaluru (BLR), Chennai (MAA) and Hyderabad (HYD). These four to five hubs handle most air cargo.
What seasonal risks affect logistics?
The southwest monsoon from June to September can cause flooding and road closures. Both the east and west coasts face cyclone risk, and heatwaves occur in the pre-monsoon months.
Quali partner commerciali sono importanti per India?
Quali termini logistici sono particolarmente rilevanti per India?
Per i trasporti internazionali, questi termini sono un buon punto di partenza:
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