Myanmar
MM · MMR
As of: 6/26/2026
Rohstoff- und Textilexporteur, importabhängig, Transit zwischen China, Indien und ASEAN
Capital: Naypyidaw
ASEAN / RCEPSeeStrasseLuftSchieneBinnenschiffImport VAT: Keine Mehrwertsteuer. Stattdessen Commercial Tax (Umsatzsteuer) von 0 bis 15 Prozent, Regelsatz 5 Prozent, die auch auf Importe erhoben wird.Customs: hochRisk: hochPharma/Cold Chain: mittelDangerous Goods: mittelE-Commerce: niedrig bis mittel
Overview
Myanmar (ISO code: MM) lies in Southeast Asia, bordering Thailand, Laos, China, India and Bangladesh, with a coastline on the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. Since the military coup of February 2021 the armed forces hold strong influence over government and administration. The climate is tropical monsoon, with a rainy season from May to October. The economy relies on natural resources such as gas, gems and timber, plus agriculture and textile manufacturing. Foreign trade is dominated by exports of raw materials and garments, while machinery, fuels and consumer goods drive import dependence. There is no VAT; instead a commercial tax (standard rate 5 percent) and customs duties under the 2022 tariff apply. The ports of Yangon and Thilawa handle over 90 percent of trade. Myanmar is a member of ASEAN/AFTA and RCEP, but political instability, EU and US sanctions and foreign-exchange controls strongly shape its logistics. The currency is the kyat (MMK).
Mentioned countries
Area676,578 km²
Population51,316,756
CurrencyKyat (MMK)
Economic areaASEAN / RCEP
ContinentAsien
ReligionsBuddhismus, Christentum, Islam
ISO codeMM / MMR
Customs & Import/Export
Customs authority
Myanmar Customs Department (Zollabteilung im Finanzministerium)Import system
Elektronische Abfertigung über MACCS (Myanmar Automated Cargo Clearance System); für viele Waren ist eine Einfuhrlizenz erforderlich.
Export system
Ausfuhrabfertigung ebenfalls über MACCS; zahlreiche Waren benötigen eine Exportlizenz der Handelsbehörde.
Import VAT
- Keine Mehrwertsteuer. Stattdessen Commercial Tax (Umsatzsteuer) von 0 bis 15 Prozent, Regelsatz 5 Prozent, die auch auf Importe erhoben wird.
Customs complexityhoch
Import documents
- Handelsrechnung
- Packliste
- Bill of Lading / Luftfrachtbrief
- Einfuhrlizenz
- Ursprungszeugnis
Export documents
- Handelsrechnung
- Packliste
- Exportlizenz
- Ursprungszeugnis (Form D / Form E)
- Bill of Lading
Origin proofs / FTA
ASEAN-Handel mit Form D (ATIGA), RCEP-Ursprungserklärung sowie Form E (ASEAN-China); regionaler Wertanteil meist mindestens 40 Prozent.
Restricted & prohibited goods
Umfangreiche Lizenzpflichten bei Ein- und Ausfuhr; Beschränkungen u.a. bei Edelsteinen, Jade, Teakholz und Reis; illegaler Handel ist ein Risiko.
Export controls & sanctions
EU-Waffenembargo und Dual-Use-Ausfuhrverbot für Militär bis April 2027; US-Sanktionen (OFAC) u.a. gegen MOGE und den Flugturbinen-Sektor.
Without warranty — always verify with freight forwarder/customs agent and official authorities.
Customs / Import / Export (Asia) — General process
Quick operational overview for international shipments to Asia. Product requirements, certificates, and clearance processes can vary significantly by destination.
Documents (typical)
Process (simplified)
Important: Requirements depend on goods, origin, Incoterms, value, and consignee. When in doubt, confirm with your broker/forwarder and official sources.
Official links
Note: regional/general sources. Country-specific authority links will be added iteratively.
Trade
Freight Infrastructure & Transport Network
Transport relevance
Sea
highAir
mediumRoad
mediumRail
lowCargo airports
- Yangon International Airport (RGN)
- Mandalay International Airport (MDL)
- Nay Pyi Taw International Airport (NYT)
Seaports / access ports
- Hafen Yangon
- Thilawa (MITT)
- Kyaukphyu Deep Sea Port
- Mawlamyine
- Sittwe
- Dawei
Inland ports & terminals
- Mandalay (Ayeyarwady-Fluss)
- Bhamo
- Pakokku
Road corridors & border crossings
- Yangon-Mandalay-Muse (Grenze China, Ruili)
- Yangon-Myawaddy (Grenze Thailand, Mae Sot)
- Mandalay-Tamu (Grenze Indien)
Rail corridors
- Yangon-Mandalay
- Mandalay-Myitkyina
- Yangon-Mawlamyine
Top trade lanes
- China (Muse / Kyaukphyu)
- Thailand
- Singapur
- Indien
- Japan
Risk & Operational Notes
Logistics riskhoch
Customs delay riskhoch
Port congestion riskmittel
Risk notes
Politische Instabilität und bewaffnete Konflikte seit dem Militärputsch 2021; komplexe Sanktionslage, Devisenkontrollen und ein schwankender Kyat erschweren Zahlungen und Planung.
Seasonal & weather risks
Südwestmonsun von Mai bis Oktober mit Überschwemmungen und Zyklonrisiko; das schwere Erdbeben im März 2025 (Region Sagaing/Mandalay) zeigt das Seismikrisiko.
Current logistics notes
Seit Januar 2026 gilt ein Referenzkurs der Zentralbank von 2'100 Kyat je US-Dollar für Zoll sowie Einfuhr- und Ausfuhrsteuern. Yangon wickelt über 90 Prozent des Aussenhandels ab.
As of: 2026-06-26
Operational notes – no claim to completeness. Verify with your freight forwarder and official sources.
Airports in this country
Mandalay International Airport
MDL · Mandalay
Yangon International Airport
RGN · Yangon
Dawei Airport
TVY · Dawei
Kawthoung Airport
KAW · Kawthoung
Kengtung Airport
KET · Kengtung
Kyaukpyu Airport
KYP · Kyaukpyu
Lashio Airport
LSH · Lashio
Loikaw Airport
LIW · Loikaw
Meiktila Air Base
Meiktila
Mong Hsat Airport
MOG · Mong Hsat
Myeik Airport
MGZ · Mkeik
Myitkyina Airport
MYT · Myitkyina
Latest News
No news for this country yet.
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As content becomes available, additional information and articles will automatically appear here.
Sources & Data Confidence
hochVerified: 2026-06-26
Official sources
- customs.gov.mm
- mpa.gov.mm
- consilium.europa.eu
Source references without warranty. For legal/tax decisions consult official authorities.
FAQ
Is there a VAT in Myanmar?
No. Myanmar levies no VAT but a commercial tax of 0 to 15 percent with a standard rate of 5 percent. It also applies to imported goods, on top of customs duties.
Which system is used for customs clearance?
Import and export clearance is processed electronically via MACCS (Myanmar Automated Cargo Clearance System) of the Myanmar Customs Department. Many goods require import or export licences.
Which ports are most important for Myanmar?
The Port of Yangon with the Thilawa terminal handles over 90 percent of foreign trade. The Kyaukphyu deep-sea port in Rakhine is gaining importance through Chinese infrastructure projects; further ports include Mawlamyine, Sittwe and Dawei.
Which sanctions must I observe when trading with Myanmar?
The EU has extended an arms embargo and a dual-use export ban for military end users until April 2027. The US (OFAC) sanctions include state-owned MOGE and the jet-fuel sector. Careful screening of business partners is essential.
Does Myanmar benefit from free trade agreements?
Yes. As an ASEAN member since 1997, the ATIGA agreement applies with Form D origin proof. RCEP has been in force since 4 March 2022; in trade with China Form E can also be used. A regional value content of at least 40 percent is usually required.
Which currency and customs exchange rate apply?
The currency is the kyat (MMK). Since January 2026 a Central Bank reference rate of 2,100 kyat per US dollar applies for calculating duties and import/export taxes. Foreign-exchange controls complicate international payments.
What logistics risks exist in Myanmar?
Since the 2021 coup, political instability and armed conflict shape the country. Added to this are the southwest monsoon from May to October with flooding and the seismic risk demonstrated by the severe earthquake of March 2025.
Which trade partners are important for Myanmar?
Which logistics terms are especially relevant for Myanmar?
For international shipments, these terms are a good quick start:
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