Myanmar
MM · MMR
Al: 26/06/2026
Rohstoff- und Textilexporteur, importabhängig, Transit zwischen China, Indien und ASEAN
Capitale: Naypyidaw
ASEAN / RCEPSeeStrasseLuftSchieneBinnenschiffIVA import: Keine Mehrwertsteuer. Stattdessen Commercial Tax (Umsatzsteuer) von 0 bis 15 Prozent, Regelsatz 5 Prozent, die auch auf Importe erhoben wird.Dogana: hochRischio: hochPharma: mittelMerci pericolose: mittelE-Commerce: niedrig bis mittel
Panoramica
Myanmar (ISO code: MM) lies in Southeast Asia, bordering Thailand, Laos, China, India and Bangladesh, with a coastline on the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. Since the military coup of February 2021 the armed forces hold strong influence over government and administration. The climate is tropical monsoon, with a rainy season from May to October. The economy relies on natural resources such as gas, gems and timber, plus agriculture and textile manufacturing. Foreign trade is dominated by exports of raw materials and garments, while machinery, fuels and consumer goods drive import dependence. There is no VAT; instead a commercial tax (standard rate 5 percent) and customs duties under the 2022 tariff apply. The ports of Yangon and Thilawa handle over 90 percent of trade. Myanmar is a member of ASEAN/AFTA and RCEP, but political instability, EU and US sanctions and foreign-exchange controls strongly shape its logistics. The currency is the kyat (MMK).
Superficie676.578 km²
Popolazione51.316.756
ValutaKyat (MMK)
Area economicaASEAN / RCEP
ContinenteAsien
ReligioniBuddhismus, Christentum, Islam
Codice ISOMM / MMR
Dogana & Import/Export
Autorità doganale
Myanmar Customs Department (Zollabteilung im Finanzministerium)Sistema import
Elektronische Abfertigung über MACCS (Myanmar Automated Cargo Clearance System); für viele Waren ist eine Einfuhrlizenz erforderlich.
Sistema export
Ausfuhrabfertigung ebenfalls über MACCS; zahlreiche Waren benötigen eine Exportlizenz der Handelsbehörde.
IVA all'import
- Keine Mehrwertsteuer. Stattdessen Commercial Tax (Umsatzsteuer) von 0 bis 15 Prozent, Regelsatz 5 Prozent, die auch auf Importe erhoben wird.
Complessità doganalehoch
Documenti import
- Handelsrechnung
- Packliste
- Bill of Lading / Luftfrachtbrief
- Einfuhrlizenz
- Ursprungszeugnis
Documenti export
- Handelsrechnung
- Packliste
- Exportlizenz
- Ursprungszeugnis (Form D / Form E)
- Bill of Lading
Prove origine / ALS
ASEAN-Handel mit Form D (ATIGA), RCEP-Ursprungserklärung sowie Form E (ASEAN-China); regionaler Wertanteil meist mindestens 40 Prozent.
Merci vietate
Umfangreiche Lizenzpflichten bei Ein- und Ausfuhr; Beschränkungen u.a. bei Edelsteinen, Jade, Teakholz und Reis; illegaler Handel ist ein Risiko.
Controllo esportazioni
EU-Waffenembargo und Dual-Use-Ausfuhrverbot für Militär bis April 2027; US-Sanktionen (OFAC) u.a. gegen MOGE und den Flugturbinen-Sektor.
Senza garanzia — verificare sempre con spedizioniere e autorità.
Dogana / Import / Export (Asia) — Processo generale
Panoramica operativa per spedizioni internazionali verso l'Asia. Requisiti prodotto, certificati e sdoganamento variano molto per destinazione.
Documenti (tipici)
- Fattura commerciale (descrizione, valore, Incoterms)
- Lista di imballaggio (pesi, dimensioni, colli)
- Codice HS / nomenclatura doganale
- Prova di origine / documenti di preferenza (se pertinente)
- A seconda della merce: certificati/documenti di conformità
Processo (semplificato)
- Preparare export (documenti, codice HS, origine)
- Sdoganamento nel paese di destinazione (dichiarazione, possibili controlli)
- Rilascio e consegna; dazi/imposte secondo classificazione e valore
Errori frequenti
- Descrizione vaga o codici HS mancanti → ritardi e chiarimenti
- Incoterms poco chiari: chi sdogana/paga gli oneri?
- Dati origine incompleti → preferenza può non applicarsi
- Documenti incoerenti (fattura vs packing list vs spedizione)
Importante: i requisiti dipendono da merce, origine, Incoterms, valore e destinatario. In caso di dubbio, verificare con spedizioniere/agente doganale e fonti ufficiali.
Link ufficiali
Nota: fonti regionali/generali. I link delle autorità per paese verranno aggiunti progressivamente.
Commercio
Infrastruttura merci & rete di trasporto
Rilevanza del trasporto
Marittimo
altoAria
medioStrada
medioFerrovia
bassoAeroporti cargo
- Yangon International Airport (RGN)
- Mandalay International Airport (MDL)
- Nay Pyi Taw International Airport (NYT)
Porti marittimi / di accesso
- Hafen Yangon
- Thilawa (MITT)
- Kyaukphyu Deep Sea Port
- Mawlamyine
- Sittwe
- Dawei
Porti interni & terminal
- Mandalay (Ayeyarwady-Fluss)
- Bhamo
- Pakokku
Corridoi stradali & valichi di frontiera
- Yangon-Mandalay-Muse (Grenze China, Ruili)
- Yangon-Myawaddy (Grenze Thailand, Mae Sot)
- Mandalay-Tamu (Grenze Indien)
Corridoi ferroviari
- Yangon-Mandalay
- Mandalay-Myitkyina
- Yangon-Mawlamyine
Principali rotte commerciali
- China (Muse / Kyaukphyu)
- Thailand
- Singapur
- Indien
- Japan
Rischi & note operative
Rischio logisticohoch
Rischio ritardo doganalehoch
Rischio congestione portualemittel
Note di rischio
Politische Instabilität und bewaffnete Konflikte seit dem Militärputsch 2021; komplexe Sanktionslage, Devisenkontrollen und ein schwankender Kyat erschweren Zahlungen und Planung.
Rischi stagionali & meteo
Südwestmonsun von Mai bis Oktober mit Überschwemmungen und Zyklonrisiko; das schwere Erdbeben im März 2025 (Region Sagaing/Mandalay) zeigt das Seismikrisiko.
Note logistiche attuali
Seit Januar 2026 gilt ein Referenzkurs der Zentralbank von 2'100 Kyat je US-Dollar für Zoll sowie Einfuhr- und Ausfuhrsteuern. Yangon wickelt über 90 Prozent des Aussenhandels ab.
Al: 2026-06-26
Note operative senza pretesa di completezza. Verificare con lo spedizioniere.
Aeroporti in questo paese
Mandalay International Airport
MDL · Mandalay
Yangon International Airport
RGN · Yangon
Dawei Airport
TVY · Dawei
Kawthoung Airport
KAW · Kawthoung
Kengtung Airport
KET · Kengtung
Kyaukpyu Airport
KYP · Kyaukpyu
Lashio Airport
LSH · Lashio
Loikaw Airport
LIW · Loikaw
Meiktila Air Base
Meiktila
Mong Hsat Airport
MOG · Mong Hsat
Myeik Airport
MGZ · Mkeik
Myitkyina Airport
MYT · Myitkyina
Ultime notizie
Nessuna notizia per questo paese per ora.
Vedi tutte le notizie →Altri contenuti su questo paese
Quando saranno disponibili contenuti, qui verranno mostrati automaticamente ulteriori informazioni e articoli.
Fonti & Affidabilità
hochVerificato: 2026-06-26
Fonti ufficiali
- customs.gov.mm
- mpa.gov.mm
- consilium.europa.eu
Fonti senza garanzia. Per decisioni legali/fiscali, consultare le autorità ufficiali.
FAQ
Is there a VAT in Myanmar?
No. Myanmar levies no VAT but a commercial tax of 0 to 15 percent with a standard rate of 5 percent. It also applies to imported goods, on top of customs duties.
Which system is used for customs clearance?
Import and export clearance is processed electronically via MACCS (Myanmar Automated Cargo Clearance System) of the Myanmar Customs Department. Many goods require import or export licences.
Which ports are most important for Myanmar?
The Port of Yangon with the Thilawa terminal handles over 90 percent of foreign trade. The Kyaukphyu deep-sea port in Rakhine is gaining importance through Chinese infrastructure projects; further ports include Mawlamyine, Sittwe and Dawei.
Which sanctions must I observe when trading with Myanmar?
The EU has extended an arms embargo and a dual-use export ban for military end users until April 2027. The US (OFAC) sanctions include state-owned MOGE and the jet-fuel sector. Careful screening of business partners is essential.
Does Myanmar benefit from free trade agreements?
Yes. As an ASEAN member since 1997, the ATIGA agreement applies with Form D origin proof. RCEP has been in force since 4 March 2022; in trade with China Form E can also be used. A regional value content of at least 40 percent is usually required.
Which currency and customs exchange rate apply?
The currency is the kyat (MMK). Since January 2026 a Central Bank reference rate of 2,100 kyat per US dollar applies for calculating duties and import/export taxes. Foreign-exchange controls complicate international payments.
What logistics risks exist in Myanmar?
Since the 2021 coup, political instability and armed conflict shape the country. Added to this are the southwest monsoon from May to October with flooding and the seismic risk demonstrated by the severe earthquake of March 2025.
Quali partner commerciali sono importanti per Myanmar?
Quali termini logistici sono particolarmente rilevanti per Myanmar?
Per i trasporti internazionali, questi termini sono un buon punto di partenza:
Ultimo aggiornamento: