Zimbabwe
ZW · ZWE
Al: 29/06/2026
Binnenstaat / Transitkorridor-Drehscheibe im südlichen Afrika / Bergbau-Exporteur
Capitale: Harare
SADC / COMESA / AfCFTASenza sboccoStradaFerroviaAriaIVA import: 15,5 Prozent (seit 1.1.2026Dogana: mittel bis hochRischio: mittel bis hochPharma: mittelMerci pericolose: mittelE-Commerce: niedrig bis mittel
Panoramica
Zimbabwe (ISO code: ZW) is a landlocked country in Southern Africa bordering South Africa, Botswana, Zambia and Mozambique. It is a presidential republic whose political and economic situation is considered volatile. The climate is mainly subtropical with a pronounced rainy season (November to March) and a dry season. The economy relies on mining (gold, platinum, lithium, nickel), agriculture (tobacco, cotton), manufacturing and services. As a landlocked state, Zimbabwe depends on transit corridors: the North-South corridor via Beitbridge to Durban, the Beira corridor via Forbes/Machipanda to Mozambique, and the Trans-Kalahari route through Botswana to Walvis Bay. The National Railways of Zimbabwe complement the road network. Since April 2024 the Zimbabwe Gold (ZiG, currency code ZWG) has been the official local currency, but the US dollar remains the dominant means of payment within a multi-currency system. Customs and import VAT are administered by the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority (ZIMRA) via ASYCUDA World.
Termini nel glossario
Superficie390.757 km²
Popolazione15.178.957
ValutaDollaro USA (USD) e Zimbabwe Gold ZiG (ZWG) in regime multivaluta
Area economicaSADC / COMESA / AfCFTA
ContinenteAfrica
ReligioniChristentum, Afrik. Religionen
Codice ISOZW / ZWE
Dogana & Import/Export
Autorità doganale
Zimbabwe Revenue Authority (ZIMRA)Sistema import
Elektronische Abfertigung über ASYCUDA World bei ZIMRA; Einfuhranmeldung per Bill of Entry (Form 21), Zollwert auf CIF-Basis nach Customs and Excise Act (Chapter 23:02).
Sistema export
Ausfuhranmeldung über ASYCUDA World bei ZIMRA; Bill of Entry für Exporte, gesonderte Kontrollen und Bewilligungen für Mineralien (Gold, Platin, Lithium) und Tabak.
IVA all'import
- 15,5 Prozent (seit 1.1.2026
- zuvor 15 Prozent) nach VAT Act Chapter 23:12, erhoben durch ZIMRA auf den Einfuhrwert.
Complessità doganalemittel bis hoch
Documenti import
- Handelsrechnung
- Packliste
- Konnossement / Luftfrachtbrief / Frachtbrief (CMR)
- Bill of Entry (Form 21, ASYCUDA World)
- Ursprungszeugnis (SADC / COMESA)
- Einfuhrlizenz bei genehmigungspflichtigen Waren
Documenti export
- Handelsrechnung
- Packliste
- Konnossement / Frachtbrief
- Bill of Entry für Exporte (ASYCUDA World)
- Ursprungszeugnis (SADC / COMESA)
- Ausfuhrbewilligung für Mineralien und Tabak
Prove origine / ALS
Präferenzzölle mit Ursprungsnachweis (Certificate of Origin) im Rahmen von SADC und COMESA sowie bilateralen Abkommen; Simbabwe ist AfCFTA-Vertragspartei.
Merci vietate
Genehmigungs-/Lizenzpflichten u.a. für Treibstoffe, Arzneimittel, Agrarchemikalien und Waffen; zeitweise Einfuhrbeschränkungen für ausgewählte Konsumgüter per Statutory Instrument.
Controllo esportazioni
Keine eigenen Sanktionsregime; die USA beendeten 2024 das Länderprogramm, sanktionieren aber Einzelpersonen und Firmen (Global Magnitsky); ZIDERA bleibt in Kraft.
Senza garanzia — verificare sempre con spedizioniere e autorità.
Dogana / Import / Export (Africa) — Processo generale
Panoramica operativa per spedizioni internazionali verso l'Africa. Documentazione, pre-sdoganamento e procedure locali variano molto per destinazione.
Documenti (tipici)
- Fattura commerciale (descrizione, valore, Incoterms)
- Lista di imballaggio (pesi, dimensioni, colli)
- Codice HS / nomenclatura doganale
- Prova di origine / documenti di preferenza (se pertinente)
- A seconda di destinazione/merce: permessi, ispezione o conformità aggiuntivi
Processo (semplificato)
- Preparare export (documenti, codice HS, origine)
- Sdoganamento nel paese di destinazione (dichiarazione, possibili controlli)
- Rilascio e consegna; dazi/imposte secondo classificazione e valore
Errori frequenti
- Descrizione vaga o codici HS mancanti → ritardi e chiarimenti
- Incoterms poco chiari: chi sdogana/paga gli oneri?
- Dati origine incompleti → preferenza può non applicarsi
- Documenti incoerenti (fattura vs packing list vs spedizione)
Importante: i requisiti dipendono da merce, origine, Incoterms, valore e destinatario. In caso di dubbio, verificare con spedizioniere/agente doganale e fonti ufficiali.
Link ufficiali
Nota: fonti regionali/generali. I link delle autorità per paese verranno aggiunti progressivamente.
Commercio
Infrastruttura merci & rete di trasporto
Rilevanza del trasporto
Strada
altoFerrovia
altoAria
medioMarittimo
n/aFluviale
n/aAeroporti cargo
- Robert Gabriel Mugabe International (HRE, Harare)
- Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo International (BUQ, Bulawayo)
- Victoria Falls International (VFA)
Porti interni & terminal
- Trockenhafen Walvis Bay (Namibia, Simbabwe-Konzession)
Corridoi stradali & valichi di frontiera
- Nord-Süd-Korridor Harare-Beitbridge-Durban/Johannesburg
- Beira-Korridor Harare-Forbes/Machipanda (Mosambik)
- Chirundu-Korridor Richtung Sambia
- Trans-Kalahari via Plumtree-Botswana-Walvis Bay
Corridoi ferroviari
- Beitbridge-Bulawayo-Harare
- Harare-Mutare (Beira-Anschluss)
- Bulawayo-Victoria Falls (Sambia-Anschluss)
- Bulawayo-Plumtree (Botswana/Südafrika)
Principali rotte commerciali
- Simbabwe-Südafrika (Beitbridge/Durban)
- Simbabwe-Mosambik (Beira)
- Simbabwe-China
- Simbabwe-VAE
Rischi & note operative
Rischio logisticomittel bis hoch
Rischio ritardo doganalemittel
Rischio congestione portualemittel
Note di rischio
Binnenstaat ohne eigene Seehäfen; starke Abhängigkeit von Korridoren über Südafrika und Mosambik. Währungsinstabilität (ZiG) und Devisenknappheit; Grenze Beitbridge stark frequentiert.
Rischi stagionali & meteo
Regenzeit November bis März mit Überschwemmungsrisiko auf Strassen; Trockenzeiten und Dürren beeinträchtigen Agrarexporte und Stromversorgung.
Note logistiche attuali
Modernisierung des Grenzpostens Beitbridge abgeschlossen; Sanierung der Bahnkorridore Beitbridge-Bulawayo und Harare-Mutare sowie Ausbau der Walvis-Bay-Anbindung laufen.
Al: 2026-06-29
Note operative senza pretesa di completezza. Verificare con lo spedizioniere.
Aeroporti in questo paese
Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport
HRE · Harare
Buffalo Range Airport
BFO · Chiredzi
Gweru - Thornhill Air Base
GWE · Gweru
Hwange National Park Airport
HWN · Gwayi River Farms
Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo International Airport
BUQ · Bulawayo
Kariba International Airport
KAB · Kariba
Masvingo International Airport
MVZ · Masvingo
Mutoko Airport
Mutoko
Victoria Falls International Airport
VFA · Victoria Falls
Airport of Linkwasha
Linkwasha
Barberton Lodge Airfield
Mwenezi
Beitbridge Airport
Beitbridge
Ultime notizie
Nessuna notizia per questo paese per ora.
Vedi tutte le notizie →Altri contenuti su questo paese
Quando saranno disponibili contenuti, qui verranno mostrati automaticamente ulteriori informazioni e articoli.
Fonti & Affidabilità
hochVerificato: 2026-06-29
Fonti ufficiali
- zimra.co.zw
- rbz.co.zw
- zimstat.co.zw
Fonti senza garanzia. Per decisioni legali/fiscali, consultare le autorità ufficiali.
FAQ
What import tax applies in Zimbabwe?
Imports are subject to VAT under the VAT Act (Chapter 23:12). The standard rate has been 15.5 percent since 1 January 2026 (previously 15 percent) and is charged by ZIMRA on the import value.
How are imports cleared?
Clearance is handled electronically through ASYCUDA World by the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority (ZIMRA). A Bill of Entry (Form 21) is lodged, and the customs value is assessed on a CIF basis.
Which trade preferences can Zimbabwe use?
Zimbabwe is a member of SADC and COMESA and a party to the AfCFTA. With a valid certificate of origin, preferential duties apply; bilateral agreements also exist, for example with South Africa, Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia and Malawi.
How does landlocked Zimbabwe reach seaports?
Zimbabwe uses regional corridors: the North-South corridor via Beitbridge to Durban, the Beira corridor via Forbes/Machipanda to Mozambique, and the Trans-Kalahari route through Botswana to Walvis Bay.
Which border post is the most important?
Beitbridge on the border with South Africa is the busiest crossing in Southern Africa. Following its modernisation, truck clearance times have decreased significantly.
Which currency is used in Zimbabwe?
Since April 2024 the Zimbabwe Gold (ZiG, code ZWG) has been the official local currency. Within the multi-currency system, however, the US dollar remains the dominant means of payment; this is to shift gradually towards the ZiG by 2030.
Are there sanctions against Zimbabwe?
In 2024 the United States terminated its country sanctions program and switched to targeted sanctions against individuals and entities (Global Magnitsky). The ZIDERA act remains in force and limits access to international financial institutions.
What does Zimbabwe mainly export and import?
Main exports are gold, platinum, tobacco, nickel and lithium. Imports are dominated by fuels, machinery, vehicles, chemicals and food; the main partners are South Africa, China and the UAE.
Quali partner commerciali sono importanti per Zimbabwe?
Quali termini logistici sono particolarmente rilevanti per Zimbabwe?
Per i trasporti internazionali, questi termini sono un buon punto di partenza:
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