Groenlandia
GL · GRL
Al: 23/06/2026
Arktische Insel-Logistik / Fischerei-Export-Hub
Capitale: Nuuk
EU-OCT (assoziiert), ausserhalb EU-Zollgebiet; Königreich DänemarkMarittimoAriaIVA import: Keine Mehrwertsteuer in Grönland. Einfuhrabgaben (Zoll) auf bestimmte Waren wie Fahrzeuge, Alkohol, Tabak und Lebensmittel, berechnet auf den CIF-Wert.Dogana: mittelRischio: mittelPharma: niedrig bis mittelMerci pericolose: mittelE-Commerce: niedrig bis mittel
Panoramica
Greenland (ISO code: GL) is the world's largest island, lying between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, and is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark. It has its own government and parliament, while Denmark handles defence and foreign affairs. The climate is Arctic, with long cold winters, short summers and a predominant ice-sheet cover. The economy centres on fisheries, fish processing, mining and a growing services sector, while agriculture and industry are limited. Foreign trade is heavily focused on fish and seafood, and the country depends strongly on imports of food, fuel and industrial goods. As an EU Overseas Country and Territory (OCT), Greenland lies outside the EU customs territory; there is no VAT. Supply runs almost entirely by sea via the state-owned Royal Arctic Line and by air through Nuuk and Kangerlussuaq. The currency is the Danish krone (DKK).
Paesi menzionati
Superficie2.166.086 km²
Popolazione56.542
ValutaCorona danese (DKK)
Area economicaEU-OCT (assoziiert), ausserhalb EU-Zollgebiet; Königreich Dänemark
ContinenteNordamerika
ReligioniChristentum
Codice ISOGL / GRL
Dogana & Import/Export
Sistema import
Eigene Einfuhr-Zollanmeldung bei der grönländischen Steuerbehörde (aka.gl); Grönland liegt ausserhalb des EU-Zollgebiets, EU-Zollsysteme gelten nicht. Abgaben auf CIF-Wert.
Sistema export
Ausfuhranmeldung bei der grönländischen Steuerbehörde (aka.gl); für dual-use Güter zusätzliche Lizenz über das Ministerium für Industrie und Energie in Nuuk.
IVA all'import
- Keine Mehrwertsteuer in Grönland. Einfuhrabgaben (Zoll) auf bestimmte Waren wie Fahrzeuge, Alkohol, Tabak und Lebensmittel, berechnet auf den CIF-Wert.
Complessità doganalemittel
Documenti import
- Handelsrechnung
- Packliste
- Konnossement / Luftfrachtbrief
- Einfuhr-Zollanmeldung (aka.gl)
- Ursprungsnachweis (sofern erforderlich)
Documenti export
- Handelsrechnung
- Packliste
- Ausfuhranmeldung
- Ursprungsnachweis (EUR.1 / Ursprungserklärung)
- Gesundheits-/Veterinärzertifikat (Fisch)
Prove origine / ALS
Als EU-OCT zollfreier Zugang grönländischer Fischereiprodukte zum EU-Markt; Ursprungsnachweis nach EU-OCT-Ursprungsregeln (z.B. EUR.1 / Ursprungserklärung).
Merci vietate
Ein-/Ausfuhrbeschränkungen u.a. für Waffen, gefährdete Arten (CITES) und bestimmte Lebensmittel. Ausfuhr von Uran-/Thoriumerz über 500 kg/Jahr ist lizenzpflichtig.
Controllo esportazioni
Exportkontrolle für dual-use Güter nach Executive Order Nr. 67/2018 (Kontrollliste identisch mit EU-Liste). Lizenz via Ministerium für Industrie/Energie an dänische Erhvervsstyrelsen. EU-/UN-Sanktionen über Dänemark.
Senza garanzia — verificare sempre con spedizioniere e autorità.
Dogana / Import / Export (Americas) — Processo generale
Panoramica operativa per spedizioni internazionali verso le Americhe. A seconda della destinazione, dichiarazioni sicurezza, requisiti prodotto o processi broker possono applicarsi.
Documenti (tipici)
Processo (semplificato)
- Preparare export (documenti, codice HS, origine)
- Sdoganamento nel paese di destinazione (dichiarazione, possibili controlli)
- Rilascio e consegna; dazi/imposte secondo classificazione e valore
Errori frequenti
- Descrizione vaga o codici HS mancanti → ritardi e chiarimenti
- Incoterms poco chiari: chi sdogana/paga gli oneri?
- Dati origine incompleti → preferenza può non applicarsi
- Documenti incoerenti (fattura vs packing list vs spedizione)
Importante: i requisiti dipendono da merce, origine, Incoterms, valore e destinatario. In caso di dubbio, verificare con spedizioniere/agente doganale e fonti ufficiali.
Link ufficiali
Nota: fonti regionali/generali. I link delle autorità per paese verranno aggiunti progressivamente.
Commercio
Infrastruttura merci & rete di trasporto
Aeroporti cargo
- Nuuk Airport (GOH) - erweiterter internationaler Hub seit 2024
- Kangerlussuaq (SFJ)
- Ilulissat (JAV)
Porti marittimi / di accesso
- Nuuk (grösster Hafen, Royal Arctic Line Hub)
- Sisimiut
- Aasiaat
- Ilulissat
Principali rotte commerciali
- Grönland-Aalborg (Dänemark)
- Grönland-Reykjavik (Island)
- Grönland-Nordeuropa (Eimskip/RAL)
Rischi & note operative
Rischio logisticomittel
Rischio ritardo doganalemittel
Rischio congestione portualeniedrig bis mittel
Note di rischio
Abhängigkeit von einem einzigen Seefrachtcarrier (Royal Arctic Line) und begrenzter Abfahrtsfrequenz; lange Distanzen, dünne Infrastruktur und Wetterabhängigkeit erhöhen Transit- und Versorgungsrisiken.
Rischi stagionali & meteo
Arktisches Klima: Meereis, Eisberge, Stürme und Polarwinter beeinträchtigen Schiff- und Flugverkehr; nördliche Häfen sind teils nur saisonal eisfrei erreichbar.
Note logistiche attuali
Erweiterter Flughafen Nuuk (GOH) seit 2024 international; Containerverkehr über Royal Arctic Line in Kooperation mit Eimskip (Drehkreuz Aalborg). EU-Fischereiabkommen 2025-2030 in Kraft.
Al: 2026-06-23
Note operative senza pretesa di completezza. Verificare con lo spedizioniere.
Aeroporti in questo paese
Aasiaat Airport
JEG · Aasiaat
Ilulissat Airport
JAV · Ilulissat
Kangerlussuaq Airport
SFJ · Kangerlussuaq
Kulusuk Airport
KUS · Kulusuk
Narsarsuaq Airport
UAK · Narsarsuaq
Nuuk Airport
GOH · Nuuk
Pituffik Space Base
THU · Pituffik
Sisimiut Airport
JHS · Sisimiut
Danmarkshavn Landing Strip
Danmarkshavn
EastGRIP Airport
EastGRIP
Gisp Ice Landing Strip
Summit Camp
Ikateq Airport
Iqateq
Ultime notizie
Nessuna notizia per questo paese per ora.
Vedi tutte le notizie →Altri contenuti su questo paese
Quando saranno disponibili contenuti, qui verranno mostrati automaticamente ulteriori informazioni e articoli.
Fonti & Affidabilità
hochVerificato: 2026-06-23
Fonti ufficiali
- aka.gl, stat.gl, businessingreenland.gl, ral.gl
Fonti senza garanzia. Per decisioni legali/fiscali, consultare le autorità ufficiali.
FAQ
Is there VAT in Greenland?
No. Greenland levies no VAT. Instead, import duties apply to certain goods such as vehicles, alcohol, tobacco and food products on the CIF value. Operating equipment is generally exempt from general import duties.
Is Greenland part of the EU or the EU customs territory?
No. Greenland left the then EEC in 1985 and is today an EU-associated Overseas Country and Territory (OCT). It lies outside the EU customs territory and single market, but as an OCT enjoys duty-free access for fishery products to the EU market.
Which authority administers customs and imports?
The Greenland Tax Agency (Akileraartarnermut Aqutsisoqarfik / Skattestyrelsen, aka.gl) is responsible and administers Greenland's own tax and customs system separately from Denmark. Import declarations are filed with this authority.
How do goods reach Greenland?
Supply runs almost entirely by sea via the state-owned Royal Arctic Line, which in cooperation with Eimskip sails through the Aalborg (Denmark) hub and Reykjavik. The main ports are Nuuk, Sisimiut and Aasiaat. Air freight via Nuuk and Kangerlussuaq airports complements this.
What export controls apply in Greenland?
For dual-use items, Executive Order No. 67 of 2018 applies, whose control list is identical to the EU list. Applications go to the Ministry of Industry and Energy in Nuuk, which forwards them to the Danish Business Authority. Export of uranium/thorium ore above 500 kg/year requires a licence.
Which currency is used?
Greenland uses the Danish krone (DKK) as legal tender. There is no separate Greenlandic currency.
What seasonal risks affect logistics?
The Arctic climate with sea ice, icebergs, storms and polar winter affects shipping and air traffic. Northern and remote ports are only seasonally ice-free, limiting supply planning and frequency.
Quali partner commerciali sono importanti per Groenlandia?
Quali termini logistici sono particolarmente rilevanti per Groenlandia?
Per i trasporti internazionali, questi termini sono un buon punto di partenza:
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