MX · MEX
Industrie- und Nearshoring-Hub Nordamerikas
Capitale: Città del Messico
Panoramica
Mexico (MX) is North America's manufacturing and nearshoring hub, linking the country's production regions with the US market and the Pacific routes to Asia. Mexico is part of the USMCA/T-MEC free trade area (not a customs union); customs clearance is electronic via a pedimento through the single window VUCEM under the customs authority ANAM, and import VAT (IVA) is 16 percent on the customs value plus import duty (IGI) and the customs processing fee (DTA). The main cargo airports are Felipe Ángeles (AIFA/NLU), Mexico City (MEX), Guadalajara (GDL) and Monterrey (MTY); the largest container port is Manzanillo (around 3.9 million TEU in 2025), complemented by Lázaro Cárdenas on the Pacific and Veracruz and Altamira on the Gulf of Mexico. Key corridors are Nuevo Laredo–Monterrey–Mexico City, the Bajío industrial belt and the Ferromex/GMXT and CPKC rail networks towards the US. Main exports are vehicles and parts, electronics, machinery and petroleum products; key partners are the US, Canada, China and Germany. Swiss exporters benefit from the EFTA-Mexico free trade agreement (in force since 2001).
Paesi menzionati
Autorità doganale
Agencia Nacional de Aduanas de Mexico (ANAM) / SATSistema import
Elektronisches Pedimento über VUCEM (Ventanilla Única de Comercio Exterior); seit der Zollreform 2026 verstärkte digitale Kontrolle durch ANAM.
Sistema export
Ausfuhr-Pedimento über VUCEM; Abfertigung durch ANAM, Mitwirkung lizenzierter Zollagenten (agente aduanal) üblich.
IVA all'import
EUR.1 / Ursprungserklärung (EFTA-Mexiko, in Kraft seit 1.7.2001); Certificado de Origen unter T-MEC; EUR.1/REX unter dem EU-Mexiko-Abkommen.
Genehmigungspflichten u.a. für Waffen/Munition, bestimmte Chemikalien, Arzneimittel (COFEPRIS), Agrar-/Lebensmittel (SENASICA), gebrauchte Fahrzeuge und Kulturgüter.
Kein autonomes EU-ähnliches Exportkontrollregime; Mexiko setzt UN-Sanktionen um und kontrolliert Dual-Use-/Strategiegüter über Genehmigungen. Im Einzelfall prüfen.
Senza garanzia — verificare sempre con spedizioniere e autorità.
Panoramica operativa per spedizioni verso il Messico. Lo sdoganamento è spesso via broker/agente; dati puliti e documenti completi evitano ritardi.
Importante: i requisiti dipendono da merce, origine, Incoterms, valore e destinatario. In caso di dubbio, verificare con spedizioniere/agente doganale e fonti ufficiali.
Link ufficiali
Überlastung in Manzanillo, Sicherheits-/Diebstahlrisiko im Strassengüterverkehr regional erhöht; sorgfältige Routen- und Partnerwahl empfohlen.
Hurrikansaison Juni bis November an Pazifik-, Golf- und Karibikküste; Starkregen kann Häfen und Strassenkorridore zeitweise beeinträchtigen.
Manzanillo: anhaltende Abfertigungsverzögerungen und Mehrkosten (bis ca. 20 Prozent) nach dem Zollpersonal-Streik vom Mai 2025; regionale Sicherheitsvorfälle (Guadalajara/Manzanillo) können Strassentransporte punktuell stören. Zollreform 2026 stärkt digitale Kontrolle über VUCEM/ANAM. EU-Mexiko-Abkommen am 22.5.2026 unterzeichnet (Ratifizierung offen). Keine landesweite Störung verifiziert. (Stand 2026-07-19)
Al: 2026-07-19
Note operative senza pretesa di completezza. Verificare con lo spedizioniere.
| Data | Festività | Tipo | Dogana chiusa | Trasporto interessato | Nota |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 gen 2026 | Capodanno | Nazionale | |||
| 2 feb 2026 | Giorno della Costituzione | Nazionale | |||
| 16 mar 2026 | Compleanno di Benito Juárez | Nazionale | |||
| 1 mag 2026 | Festa del lavoro | Nazionale | |||
| 16 set 2026 | Giorno dell'Indipendenza | Nazionale | National holiday: government offices and customs closed; expect delays at border crossings and terminals. | ||
| 16 nov 2026 | Giorno della Rivoluzione | Nazionale | |||
| 25 dic 2026 | Natale | Nazionale | Nationwide business closures; reduced capacity at ports, airports and border crossings over the holiday period. |
Capodanno
1 gen 2026
Giorno della Costituzione
2 feb 2026
Compleanno di Benito Juárez
16 mar 2026
Festa del lavoro
1 mag 2026
Giorno dell'Indipendenza
16 set 2026
National holiday: government offices and customs closed; expect delays at border crossings and terminals.
Giorno della Rivoluzione
16 nov 2026
Natale
25 dic 2026
Nationwide business closures; reduced capacity at ports, airports and border crossings over the holiday period.
Fonti: PROFEDET / gob.mx (LFT Art. 74) · PROFEDET / gob.mx (LFT Art. 74)
Fonti ufficiali
Fonti senza garanzia. Per decisioni legali/fiscali, consultare le autorità ufficiali.
IVA is normally 16 percent on the customs value plus import duty (IGI) and the customs processing fee (DTA). A reduced 8 percent rate applies to certain domestic sales in the northern border region, but imports are always taxed at 16 percent.
Yes. The EFTA-Mexico free trade agreement has been in force since 1 July 2001. With a valid proof of origin (EUR.1 or origin declaration) preferential tariffs apply. A modernisation of the agreement is under negotiation.
Clearance is electronic via the single window (VUCEM) using a pedimento under the customs authority ANAM. Using a licensed customs broker (agente aduanal) is common practice. The 2026 customs reform has strengthened digital oversight.
Manzanillo is the largest container port (about 3.9 million TEU in 2025), followed by Lazaro Cardenas on the Pacific coast. On the Gulf of Mexico, Veracruz and Altamira are the key ports for trade with Europe.
Most air cargo in the Mexico City area now runs through Felipe Angeles airport (AIFA/NLU) after the relocation, complemented by Mexico City airport (AICM/MEX), Guadalajara and Monterrey.
Consider periodic congestion at Manzanillo, a regionally elevated cargo theft risk in road transport, and the hurricane season from June to November. Careful routing, partner selection and insurance are recommended.
Per i trasporti internazionali, questi termini sono un buon punto di partenza:
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