🇲🇳 Mongolie

Mongolia (ISO code: MN) lies in Central Asia between Russia to the north and China to the south and, with around 3.5 million people across some 1.56 million km2, is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. It is a parliamentary republic with democratic structures since the 1990s. The climate is strongly continental, with very cold winters, short hot summers and low precipitation. The economy is dominated by mining (copper, coal, gold, uranium), complemented by livestock herding, cashmere production and a growing services sector. As a doubly landlocked country, Mongolia has no sea access; foreign trade runs almost entirely in transit via China (mainly the port of Tianjin) and through Russia. The backbone of logistics is the Trans-Mongolian Railway on Russian broad gauge (1520 mm) with a gauge change at the Chinese border at Zamyn-Uud/Erenhot, complemented by the road network. Key exports are mining goods and cashmere, while fuels, machinery, vehicles and consumer goods are imported. The national currency is the tugrik (MNT).