MX · MEX
Industrie- und Nearshoring-Hub Nordamerikas
Capital: Ciudad de México
Resumen
Mexico (MX) is North America's manufacturing and nearshoring hub, linking the country's production regions with the US market and the Pacific routes to Asia. Mexico is part of the USMCA/T-MEC free trade area (not a customs union); customs clearance is electronic via a pedimento through the single window VUCEM under the customs authority ANAM, and import VAT (IVA) is 16 percent on the customs value plus import duty (IGI) and the customs processing fee (DTA). The main cargo airports are Felipe Ángeles (AIFA/NLU), Mexico City (MEX), Guadalajara (GDL) and Monterrey (MTY); the largest container port is Manzanillo (around 3.9 million TEU in 2025), complemented by Lázaro Cárdenas on the Pacific and Veracruz and Altamira on the Gulf of Mexico. Key corridors are Nuevo Laredo–Monterrey–Mexico City, the Bajío industrial belt and the Ferromex/GMXT and CPKC rail networks towards the US. Main exports are vehicles and parts, electronics, machinery and petroleum products; key partners are the US, Canada, China and Germany. Swiss exporters benefit from the EFTA-Mexico free trade agreement (in force since 2001).
Países mencionados
Autoridad aduanera
Agencia Nacional de Aduanas de Mexico (ANAM) / SATSistema importación
Elektronisches Pedimento über VUCEM (Ventanilla Única de Comercio Exterior); seit der Zollreform 2026 verstärkte digitale Kontrolle durch ANAM.
Sistema exportación
Ausfuhr-Pedimento über VUCEM; Abfertigung durch ANAM, Mitwirkung lizenzierter Zollagenten (agente aduanal) üblich.
IVA importación
EUR.1 / Ursprungserklärung (EFTA-Mexiko, in Kraft seit 1.7.2001); Certificado de Origen unter T-MEC; EUR.1/REX unter dem EU-Mexiko-Abkommen.
Genehmigungspflichten u.a. für Waffen/Munition, bestimmte Chemikalien, Arzneimittel (COFEPRIS), Agrar-/Lebensmittel (SENASICA), gebrauchte Fahrzeuge und Kulturgüter.
Kein autonomes EU-ähnliches Exportkontrollregime; Mexiko setzt UN-Sanktionen um und kontrolliert Dual-Use-/Strategiegüter über Genehmigungen. Im Einzelfall prüfen.
Sin garantía — verificar siempre con agente de aduanas y autoridades oficiales.
Resumen operativo para envíos a México. El despacho suele ser vía broker/agente; datos limpios y documentación completa evitan retrasos.
Importante: los requisitos dependen de la mercancía, origen, Incoterms, valor y destinatario. En caso de duda, confirme con su transitario/agente aduanero y fuentes oficiales.
Enlaces oficiales
Überlastung in Manzanillo, Sicherheits-/Diebstahlrisiko im Strassengüterverkehr regional erhöht; sorgfältige Routen- und Partnerwahl empfohlen.
Hurrikansaison Juni bis November an Pazifik-, Golf- und Karibikküste; Starkregen kann Häfen und Strassenkorridore zeitweise beeinträchtigen.
Manzanillo: anhaltende Abfertigungsverzögerungen und Mehrkosten (bis ca. 20 Prozent) nach dem Zollpersonal-Streik vom Mai 2025; regionale Sicherheitsvorfälle (Guadalajara/Manzanillo) können Strassentransporte punktuell stören. Zollreform 2026 stärkt digitale Kontrolle über VUCEM/ANAM. EU-Mexiko-Abkommen am 22.5.2026 unterzeichnet (Ratifizierung offen). Keine landesweite Störung verifiziert. (Stand 2026-07-19)
A partir de: 2026-07-19
Notas operativas sin completitud. Verificar con el agente de carga.
| Fecha | Festivo | Tipo | Aduana cerrada | Transporte afectado | Nota |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 ene 2026 | New Year's Day | Nacional | |||
| 2 feb 2026 | Constitution Day | Nacional | |||
| 16 mar 2026 | Benito Juárez's Birthday | Nacional | |||
| 1 may 2026 | Labour Day | Nacional | |||
| 16 sept 2026 | Independence Day | Nacional | National holiday: government offices and customs closed; expect delays at border crossings and terminals. | ||
| 16 nov 2026 | Revolution Day | Nacional | |||
| 25 dic 2026 | Christmas Day | Nacional | Nationwide business closures; reduced capacity at ports, airports and border crossings over the holiday period. |
New Year's Day
1 ene 2026
Constitution Day
2 feb 2026
Benito Juárez's Birthday
16 mar 2026
Labour Day
1 may 2026
Independence Day
16 sept 2026
National holiday: government offices and customs closed; expect delays at border crossings and terminals.
Revolution Day
16 nov 2026
Christmas Day
25 dic 2026
Nationwide business closures; reduced capacity at ports, airports and border crossings over the holiday period.
Fuentes: PROFEDET / gob.mx (LFT Art. 74) · PROFEDET / gob.mx (LFT Art. 74)
Aún no hay noticias sobre este país.
Ver todas las noticias →Fuentes oficiales
Referencias sin garantía. Para decisiones legales/fiscales consulte autoridades oficiales.
IVA is normally 16 percent on the customs value plus import duty (IGI) and the customs processing fee (DTA). A reduced 8 percent rate applies to certain domestic sales in the northern border region, but imports are always taxed at 16 percent.
Yes. The EFTA-Mexico free trade agreement has been in force since 1 July 2001. With a valid proof of origin (EUR.1 or origin declaration) preferential tariffs apply. A modernisation of the agreement is under negotiation.
Clearance is electronic via the single window (VUCEM) using a pedimento under the customs authority ANAM. Using a licensed customs broker (agente aduanal) is common practice. The 2026 customs reform has strengthened digital oversight.
Manzanillo is the largest container port (about 3.9 million TEU in 2025), followed by Lazaro Cardenas on the Pacific coast. On the Gulf of Mexico, Veracruz and Altamira are the key ports for trade with Europe.
Most air cargo in the Mexico City area now runs through Felipe Angeles airport (AIFA/NLU) after the relocation, complemented by Mexico City airport (AICM/MEX), Guadalajara and Monterrey.
Consider periodic congestion at Manzanillo, a regionally elevated cargo theft risk in road transport, and the hurricane season from June to November. Careful routing, partner selection and insurance are recommended.
Para transportes internacionales, estos términos son un buen punto de partida: