India
IN · IND
Al: 18/7/2026
Wachstumsmarkt / Produktions-, Pharma- und IT-Hub Südasiens
Capital: Nueva Delhi
Südasien; SAFTA; WTO-MitgliedSeefrachtLuftfrachtStrasseSchieneBinnenschifffahrtIVA importación: IGST auf Importe seit 22.9.2025 meist 5 oder 18 Prozent (Luxus/Sin 40 Prozent), auf Zollwert plus ZollAduanas: hochRiesgo: mittelPharma: hochMercancías peligrosas: hochE-Commerce: hoch
Resumen
India (ISO code: IN) lies in South Asia and borders Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Myanmar, with coastlines on the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. It is a federal parliamentary republic and one of the world's largest economies, strong in manufacturing, services, agriculture and information technology. The climate ranges from tropical in the south to temperate in the north and alpine in the Himalayas, shaped by pronounced monsoon seasons. Foreign trade is central: major ports such as Mundra and Nhava Sheva (JNPA), a dense rail and road network and busy cargo airports like Delhi and Mumbai underpin its transit and logistics role. Customs clearance is handled electronically through ICEGATE under the CBIC. Since the GST reform of 22 September 2025, import IGST is mostly 5 or 18 percent (40 percent on luxury and sin goods), in addition to basic customs duty and a 10 percent social welfare surcharge. India has an expanding network of trade agreements, including the EFTA TEPA in force since 1 October 2025. The currency is the Indian rupee (INR).
Países mencionados
Área3.287.259 km²
Población1.450.935.791
MonedaRupia india (INR)
Área económicaSüdasien; SAFTA; WTO-Mitglied
ContinenteAsia
ReligionesHinduismus, Islam, Christentum, Sikhismus, Buddhismus
Código ISOIN / IND
Aduanas & Import/Export
Autoridad aduanera
Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC)Sistema importación
Elektronische Abfertigung über ICEGATE/ICES mit Single-Window SWIFT; Einfuhr per Bill of Entry, risikobasierte Prüfung (RMS).
Sistema exportación
Elektronische Ausfuhr über ICEGATE/ICES; Shipping Bill als Ausfuhranmeldung, Single-Window SWIFT, RoDTEP-Erstattung.
IVA importación
- IGST auf Importe seit 22.9.2025 meist 5 oder 18 Prozent (Luxus/Sin 40 Prozent), auf Zollwert plus Zoll
- dazu Basiszoll (BCD) plus 10 Prozent Social Welfare Surcharge.
Complejidadhoch
Documentos importación
- Bill of Entry
- Handelsrechnung
- Packliste
- Konnossement / Luftfrachtbrief
- Ursprungszeugnis
- IEC-Nummer
Documentos exportación
- Shipping Bill
- Handelsrechnung
- Packliste
- Konnossement / Luftfrachtbrief
- Ursprungszeugnis (FTA)
- IEC-Nummer
- LUT / GST-Nachweis
Pruebas origen / TLC
Präferenznachweise je Abkommen: EUR.1/Ursprungserklärung (EFTA-TEPA seit 1.10.2025), CoO Form für UAE-CEPA, Australien-ECTA, ASEAN, Japan- und Korea-CEPA; teils Selbstzertifizierung.
Bienes restringidos
Einfuhrbeschränkungen u.a. bestimmte Tier-/Pflanzenprodukte, Gold-/Devisenregeln, Altwaren und Gebrauchtmaschinen, gefährliche Abfälle; Lizenzpflichten laut DGFT ITC(HS)-Politik.
Control exportaciones
Exportkontrolle über die SCOMET-Liste der DGFT (Dual-Use), angelehnt an NSG, MTCR, Wassenaar und Australia Group; neue Kategorie 7 (Emerging Tech) seit 23.9.2025.
Sin garantía — verificar siempre con agente de aduanas y autoridades oficiales.
Aduanas / Importación / Exportación (India) — Proceso general
Resumen operativo para envíos a India. Según la mercancía, permisos/normas adicionales pueden aplicarse; añada margen y mantenga documentos/valores coherentes.
Documentos (habituales)
- Factura comercial (descripción, valor, Incoterms)
- Lista de empaque (pesos, dimensiones, bultos)
- Código HS / nomenclatura aduanera
- Prueba de origen / documentos de preferencia (si aplica)
- Según mercancía: permisos/certificados adicionales
Proceso (simplificado)
- Preparar exportación (datos limpios, código HS, valores)
- Despacho a menudo vía broker/agente; posibles inspecciones
- Liberación, aranceles/impuestos y entrega
Errores frecuentes
- Certificados/requisitos de producto faltantes → retrasos
- Código HS desalineado → riesgo de costes
- Valores/documentos incoherentes → consultas
Importante: los requisitos dependen de la mercancía, origen, Incoterms, valor y destinatario. En caso de duda, confirme con su transitario/agente aduanero y fuentes oficiales.
Enlaces oficiales
Comercio
Principales bienes de importación
MineralöleElektronikgeräteEdelstelmetalleMaschinenChemikalien
Principales bienes de exportación
Mineralöleelektronische KomponentenMaschinenSchmuckTextilien
Infraestructura de carga & red de transporte
Relevancia del transporte
Aéreo
altoMarítimo
altoCarretera
altoFerrocarril
altoFluvial
medioAeropuertos de carga
- Delhi (DEL)
- Mumbai (BOM)
- Bengaluru (BLR)
- Chennai (MAA)
- Hyderabad (HYD)
- Kolkata (CCU)
Puertos marítimos / de acceso
- Mundra (Adani, groesster Hafen nach Umschlag)
- Nhava Sheva / JNPA (groesster Containerhafen)
- Chennai
- Visakhapatnam
- Deendayal / Kandla
- Paradip
- Kolkata / Haldia
- Cochin
- Tuticorin (V.O. Chidambaranar)
Puertos interiores & terminales
- ICD Tughlakabad (Delhi)
- ICD Dadri / Greater Noida
- ICD Whitefield (Bengaluru)
- ICD Ludhiana
Corredores viales & cruces fronterizos
- Golden Quadrilateral
- North-South- und East-West-Korridor
- Delhi - Mumbai Expressway
Corredores ferroviarios
- Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC)
- Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor
- Delhi - Mumbai
- Delhi - Kolkata (Howrah)
Principales rutas comerciales
- Indien - USA
- Indien - VAE
- Indien - China
- Indien - EU
- Indien - ASEAN
Riesgos & notas operativas
Riesgo logísticomittel
Riesgo de demora aduaneramittel bis hoch
Riesgo de congestión portuariamittel
Notas de riesgo
Hoher Dokumentenaufwand und Bürokratie, regionale Infrastrukturunterschiede, Hafen- und Strassenstaus in Ballungsräumen; Grenzspannungen mit Pakistan und China.
Riesgos estacionales & meteorológicos
Südwestmonsun Juni bis September (Überschwemmungen, Strassensperren), Zyklonsaison an Ost- und Westküste, Hitzewellen im Vorsommer.
Notas logísticas actuales
GST-Reform (GST 2.0) seit 22.9.2025 mit zwei Hauptsätzen (5/18 Prozent) plus 40-Prozent-Sondersatz weiterhin in Kraft; EFTA-TEPA seit 1.10.2025 in Kraft (auch für die Schweiz); starker Ausbau von Häfen und Frachtkorridoren (DFC). Keine landesweite Störung verifiziert (Stand 2026-07-18).
A partir de: 2026-07-18
Notas operativas sin completitud. Verificar con el agente de carga.
Días festivos
Al: 18 jul 2026
| Fecha | Festivo | Tipo | Aduana cerrada | Transporte afectado | Nota |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 ene 2026 | Republic Day | Nacional | |||
| 15 ago 2026 | Independence Day | Nacional | |||
| 2 oct 2026 | Gandhi Jayanti | Nacional | |||
| 8 nov 2026 | Diwali (Deepavali) | Nacional | India's most important festival; a multi-day slowdown of production, transport and customs around the date. The exact date shifts yearly with the lunar calendar. |
Republic Day
26 ene 2026
Aduana cerradaTransporte afectado
Independence Day
15 ago 2026
Aduana cerradaTransporte afectado
Gandhi Jayanti
2 oct 2026
Aduana cerradaTransporte afectado
Diwali (Deepavali)
8 nov 2026
Aduana cerradaTransporte afectado
India's most important festival; a multi-day slowdown of production, transport and customs around the date. The exact date shifts yearly with the lunar calendar.
Fuentes: Gazetted Holidays India / timeanddate · Gazetted Holidays India / timeanddate
Peajes & tarifas
Al: 18 jul 2026
National Highway Tolls (FASTag)
PeajeOperador: National Highways Authority of India (NHAI)
Registro obligatorioOBU obligatoria
car, truck, articulated, bus
Tolls on national highways at toll plazas, levied by the NHAI. Payment is exclusively electronic via the RFID-based FASTag system (mandatory for all vehicles). Rates depend on vehicle class and highway section.
Aeropuertos en este país
Chennai International Airport
MAA · Chennai
Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport
BOM · Mumbai
Cochin International Airport
COK · Kochi
Dabolim Airport
GOI · Vasco da Gama
Indira Gandhi International Airport
DEL · New Delhi
Kempegowda International Airport
BLR · Bangalore
Manohar International Airport
GOX · Mopa
Navi Mumbai International Airport
NMI · Navi Mumbai
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport
CCU · Kolkata
Rajiv Gandhi International Airport
HYD · Hyderabad
Rajkot International Airport
HSR · Rajkot
Thiruvananthapuram International Airport
TRV · Thiruvananthapuram
Puertos marítimos en este país
Calcutta
IN CCU · Large
Chennai (Madras)
IN MAA · Large
Dahej
IN DAH · Large
Dhamra
INDMQ · Large
Gangavaram
INGGV · Large
Kamarajar Port
INENR · Large
Kattupalli Port
Large
Krishnapatnam
INKRI · Large
Mumbai (Bombay)
IN BOM · Large
Jawaharlal Nehru Port (Nhava Shiva)
IN NSA · Medium
Kochi (Cochin)
IN KOC · Medium
New Mangalore
IN NML · Medium
Rutas de tránsito populares
Últimas noticias
Más contenido sobre este país
Cuando haya contenido disponible, aquí aparecerán automáticamente más información y artículos.
Fuentes & Fiabilidad
hochVerificado: 2026-07-18
Fuentes oficiales
- cbic.gov.in
- icegate.gov.in
- dgft.gov.in
- pib.gov.in
Referencias sin garantía. Para decisiones legales/fiscales consulte autoridades oficiales.
FAQ
How high is import VAT (IGST) in India?
Since the GST reform of 22 September 2025 there are two main rates of 5 and 18 percent, plus a special 40 percent rate for luxury and sin goods. Import IGST is levied on the customs value plus basic customs duty (BCD) and the social welfare surcharge, and is creditable as input tax.
How does customs clearance work in India?
Clearance is electronic via ICEGATE/ICES of the customs authority CBIC, using the SWIFT single window. Importers file a Bill of Entry, exporters a Shipping Bill; a risk management system (RMS) determines inspections.
What benefits does the EFTA agreement TEPA bring for Swiss exporters?
The agreement between India and EFTA (Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein) entered into force on 1 October 2025. India is removing tariffs on most industrial goods; Swiss exporters benefit from preferences with proof of origin (EUR.1 or origin declaration).
How is export control for dual-use goods regulated?
The relevant list is the DGFT's SCOMET list (Special Chemicals, Organisms, Materials, Equipment and Technologies), aligned with NSG, MTCR, Wassenaar and the Australia Group. Since 23 September 2025 there is a new Category 7 for emerging technologies; a per-shipment licence may be required.
What are India's most important seaports?
Mundra (Adani) is the largest port by throughput, Nhava Sheva / JNPA the largest container port (about 7.9 million TEU in 2025). Other key ports are Chennai, Visakhapatnam, Deendayal/Kandla, Paradip and Kolkata/Haldia.
Which airports matter most for air cargo?
Delhi (DEL) is the largest cargo airport with about 1.1 million tonnes, followed by Mumbai (BOM), Bengaluru (BLR), Chennai (MAA) and Hyderabad (HYD). These four to five hubs handle most air cargo.
What seasonal risks affect logistics?
The southwest monsoon from June to September can cause flooding and road closures. Both the east and west coasts face cyclone risk, and heatwaves occur in the pre-monsoon months.
¿Qué socios comerciales son importantes para India?
¿Qué términos logísticos son especialmente relevantes para India?
Para transportes internacionales, estos términos son un buen punto de partida:
Última actualización: