GlossaryEN1 min readUpdated: Jun 22, 2026
Export restrictions
Export restrictions differ fundamentally from tariffs: rather than raising the cost of exporting, they prohibit shipment of certain goods outright or require prior government authorisation.
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Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32021R0821
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Export restrictions differ fundamentally from tariffs: rather than raising the cost of exporting, they prohibit shipment of certain goods outright or require prior government authorisation. Grounds include national security, arms control, dual-use goods—products and technologies with civilian and potential military applications—environmental protection, and sanctions against specific countries or end-users. Within the EU, Regulation (EU) 2021/821 on dual-use items forms the central legal framework, complemented by national export control laws and UN and EU sanctions regimes. Exporters must screen their goods in advance, obtain end-use certificates where required, and apply for an export licence for controlled items. Violations can result in substantial fines, seizure of goods, and criminal prosecution.
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