The USA is increasing pressure on Germany. The U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) launched a so-called Section 301 investigation on June 18. This concerns whether Germany is pricing innovative medicines too low. The American perspective is clear: Germany is paying too little for new medications. As a result, patients in the USA must bear too large a portion of global research costs. Germany aimed to further reduce spending on medications. Planned measures included additional discounts for patented drugs. These very plans are now the focus of the investigation. This issue is significant for German exporters, even those not involved in pharmaceuticals. A Section 301 investigation could ultimately lead to additional tariffs, which may not necessarily affect only medications. In the worst-case scenario, other goods from Germany could also be targeted. However, nothing has been decided yet. Companies and associations can submit comments until August 10. A public hearing will take place on September 22. Only after that will the U.S. government decide on possible measures.