# Autonomous driving

*Last updated: 2026-09-19*

> Autonomous driving refers to a vehicle being operated by technical systems without continuous control by a human driver.

Autonomous driving refers to a vehicle being operated by technical systems without continuous control by a human driver. Sensors such as cameras, radar and lidar capture the surroundings, while a computer plans the route and manoeuvres and controls steering, propulsion and braking. The degree of automation is classified internationally under SAE J3016 into levels 0 to 5; from level 4 onwards, no human intervention is required within a defined operating domain. In freight transport, repetitive routes such as motorway corridors, plant shuttles and port haulage are regarded as the first applications. Regular operation requires not only the technology but also type approval, clear liability rules and an operating concept for handling disruptions.

**Source:** [https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j3016_202104/](https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j3016_202104/)

## Quick Facts

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Term | Autonomous driving |
| Language | IT |
| Word count | 112 |
| Last updated | 2026-09-19 |
| Source | https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j3016_202104/ |

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