# Export restrictions

*Last updated: 2026-06-22*

> Export restrictions differ fundamentally from tariffs: rather than raising the cost of exporting, they prohibit shipment of certain goods outright or require prior government authorisation.

Export restrictions differ fundamentally from tariffs: rather than raising the cost of exporting, they prohibit shipment of certain goods outright or require prior government authorisation. Grounds include national security, arms control, dual-use goods—products and technologies with civilian and potential military applications—environmental protection, and sanctions against specific countries or end-users. Within the EU, Regulation (EU) 2021/821 on dual-use items forms the central legal framework, complemented by national export control laws and UN and EU sanctions regimes. Exporters must screen their goods in advance, obtain end-use certificates where required, and apply for an export licence for controlled items. Violations can result in substantial fines, seizure of goods, and criminal prosecution.

**Source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32021R0821](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32021R0821)

## Quick Facts

| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Term | Export restrictions |
| Language | EN |
| Word count | 108 |
| Last updated | 2026-06-22 |
| Source | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32021R0821 |

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