# Romania (RO) **Capital:** Bucarest **Currency:** Leu rumeno (RON) (RON) **Population:** 19'043'000 **Area:** 238'397 km² > La Romania, membro dell'UE e di Schengen nell'Europa sud-orientale, ha in Constanta il più grande porto del Mar Nero e un'importante porta d'accesso dell'UE per container e cereali. Collega l'Europa occidentale e centrale con il Mar Nero e l'Ucraina. Rumänien (ISO-Code: RO) liegt in Südosteuropa und grenzt an Bulgarien, Serbien, Ungarn, die Ukraine und Moldawien sowie an das Schwarze Meer. Politisch ist es eine parlamentarische Republik und Mitglied der Europäischen Union sowie der NATO. Das Klima ist überwiegend kontinentale mit kalten Wintern, warmen Sommern und regionalen Abweichungen in den Gebirgs- und Küstenregionen. Wirtschaftlich ist Rumänien durch Industrie, Energie, Landwirtschaft und einen wachsenden Dienstleistungssektor geprägt, wobei die Automobil- und Maschinenbauindustrie international bedeutend ist. Im Aussenhandel exportiert das Land vor allem Maschinen, Fahrzeuge, Elektronik und landwirtschaftliche Produkte, während es stark auf Importe von Rohstoffen, Energie und Fertigwaren angewiesen ist. Die logistische Bedeutung ergibt sich aus den Häfen am Schwarzen Meer, internationalen Flughäfen und einem ausgebauten Strassen- und Schienennetz. Rumänien übernimmt zudem eine Transitfunktion zwischen Westeuropa, Osteuropa und dem Nahen Osten. Die Landeswährung ist der Rumänische Leu (RON). Strategische Investitionen in Infrastruktur und Logistik sollen die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und die Integration in globale Lieferketten weiter stärken. **Top Import Partners:** DE, IT, HU, PL, CN **Top Export Partners:** DE, IT, FR, HU, GB **Top Import Goods:** Maschinen, Fahrzeuge, Elektronik, Chemikalien, Erdöl **Top Export Goods:** Fahrzeuge, Maschinen, Textilien, Metalle, Möbel **Key Airports:** - [Bucharest Henri Coandă International Airport (OTP)](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/airports/bucharest-henri-coanda-international-airport-otp) - [Arad International Airport (ARW)](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/airports/arad-international-airport-arw) - [Bacău George Enescu International Airport (BCM)](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/airports/bacau-george-enescu-international-airport-bcm) - [Boboc Air Base](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/airports/boboc-air-base-airport-3848) - [Brașov-Ghimbav International Airport (GHV)](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/airports/brasov-ghimbav-international-airport-ghv) - [Bucharest Băneasa Aurel Vlaicu International Airport (BBU)](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/airports/bucharest-baneasa-aurel-vlaicu-international-airport-bbu) - [Caransebeş Airport (CSB)](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/airports/caransebes-airport-csb) - [Cluj Avram Iancu International Airport (CLJ)](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/airports/cluj-avram-iancu-international-airport-clj) - [Craiova International Airport (CRA)](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/airports/craiova-international-airport-cra) - [Câmpia Turzii Air Base](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/airports/campia-turzii-air-base-airport-8048) **Key Seaports:** - [Constanta (RO CND)](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/seaports/constanta-port-ro-cnd) - [Danube-Black Sea Canal](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/seaports/danube-black-sea-canal-port-2460) - [Galati (RO GAL)](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/seaports/galati-port-ro-gal) - [Basarabi (RO BAB)](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/seaports/basarabi-port-ro-bab) - [Braila (RO BRA)](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/seaports/braila-port-ro-bra) - [Cernavoda (RO CEV)](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/seaports/cernavoda-port-ro-cev) - [Mangalia (RO MAG)](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/seaports/mangalia-port-ro-mag) - [Medgidia (RO MED)](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/seaports/medgidia-port-ro-med) - [Midia (RO MID)](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/seaports/midia-port-ro-mid) - [Sulina (RO SUL)](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/seaports/sulina-port-ro-sul) ## Customs & Import **Import VAT:** 21 Prozent Normalsatz (seit 1. August 2025, zuvor 19 Prozent) **Customs complexity:** mittel **Customs system:** EU-Zollkodex (UZK); elektronische Einfuhrabfertigung der rumänischen Zollbehörde über ICS2 (Vorabanmeldung), NCTS-RO (Versand) und SIIV/DTI. EU-Zollunion mit gemeinsamem Aussenzolltarif (TARIC). **Customs authority:** [Autoritatea Vamală Română (AVR)](https://www.customs.ro) ## Logistics & Risk **Logistics role:** Transit- und Drehscheibenland zwischen West-/Mitteleuropa, Schwarzmeerraum und Ukraine/Moldau **Economic area:** EU (Binnenmarkt und Zollunion) **Logistics risk:** mittel **Dangerous goods relevance:** mittel bis hoch **Pharma/cold chain:** mittel ## Sources & Last Verified - [https://www.customs.ro](https://www.customs.ro) - [https://www.customs.ro/info-publice/emcs](https://www.customs.ro/info-publice/emcs) - [https://www.customs.ro/e-customs/aes](https://www.customs.ro/e-customs/aes) - [https://insse.ro/cms/en/content/permanent-resident-population-romania-1st-january-2025](https://insse.ro/cms/en/content/permanent-resident-population-romania-1st-january-2025) - [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/12/12/schengen-council-decides-to-lift-land-border-controls-with-bulgaria-and-romania/](https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/12/12/schengen-council-decides-to-lift-land-border-controls-with-bulgaria-and-romania/) - [https://www.ey.com/en_gl/technical/tax-alerts/romanian-tax-changes-introduced-by-new-fiscal-and-budgetary-measures](https://www.ey.com/en_gl/technical/tax-alerts/romanian-tax-changes-introduced-by-new-fiscal-and-budgetary-measures) - [https://www.portofconstantza.com](https://www.portofconstantza.com) *Last verified: 2026-06-27* --- *Freight Academy — Profilo paese: [https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/land/ro](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/land/ro)* *Markdown mirror: [https://www.freight-academy.com/api/md/country/it/ro](https://www.freight-academy.com/api/md/country/it/ro)*