# Lettonia (LV)

**Capital:** Riga  
**Currency:** Euro (EUR) (EUR)  
**Population:** 1'857'000  
**Area:** 64'559 km²

> La Lettonia è uno Stato baltico dell'UE e della zona euro sul Mar Baltico, nonché un importante hub di transito e portuale. Il traffico marittimo passa soprattutto per i porti franchi di Riga (il porto più grande dei paesi baltici) e Ventspils e per il porto di Liepaja; il trasporto aereo per Riga (RIX). Lo sdoganamento è elettronico tramite il sistema EMDAS dell'autorità fiscale VID (AIS per le importazioni, AES per le esportazioni) secondo il codice doganale dell'UE. Le importazioni sono soggette a un'IVA del 21 per cento (aliquote ridotte del 12 e 5 per cento). In quanto frontiera esterna dell'UE con Russia e Bielorussia, si applicano severi controlli su sanzioni ed esportazioni; il transito verso est è fortemente diminuito e il progetto Rail Baltica è in costruzione.

Lettland (LV) ist ein baltischer EU- und Eurozonen-Staat an der Ostsee und fungiert als Transit- und Hafenhub an der EU-Aussengrenze zu Russland und Belarus. Als EU-Mitglied ist Lettland Teil der Zollunion und des Binnenmarkts; die Zollabwicklung läuft elektronisch über das System EMDAS der Steuerbehörde VID (AIS für Importe, AES für Exporte), die Einfuhr-MwSt beträgt 21 Prozent (ermässigt 12 und 5 Prozent). Wichtigste Gateways sind die Freihäfen Riga — grösster Hafen des Baltikums — und Ventspils, der Hafen Liepaja in der Sonderwirtschaftszone sowie der Riga International Airport (RIX) mit dem Baltic Cargo Hub. Zentrale Achsen sind die Via Baltica (E67) Tallinn–Riga–Warschau, die A6 Richtung Daugavpils und das Breitspurnetz (1520 mm) nach Osten; die Normalspurstrecke Rail Baltica ist im Bau. Exportiert werden vor allem Holz, Lebensmittel und Maschinen, importiert Maschinen, Fahrzeuge und Chemikalien; wichtigste Handelspartner sind Litauen, Estland, Deutschland und Schweden. Der Ost-Transit ist sanktionsbedingt stark rückläufig.

**Top Import Partners:** LT, DE, PL, EE, RU

**Top Export Partners:** LT, EE, DE, SE, PL

**Top Import Goods:** Maschinen, Fahrzeuge, Chemikalien, Elektronik, Erdöl

**Top Export Goods:** Holz, Lebensmittel, Maschinen, Chemikalien, Metalle

**Key Airports:**
- [Riga International Airport (RIX)](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/airports/riga-international-airport-rix)
- [Jēkabpils Air Base](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/airports/jekabpils-air-base-airport-15543)
- [Jūrmala Airport](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/airports/jurmala-airport-34334)
- [Liepāja International Airport (LPX)](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/airports/liepaja-international-airport-lpx)
- [Adamova Airstrip](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/airports/adamova-airstrip-airport-210)
- [Aloja Airstrip](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/airports/aloja-airstrip-airport-834)
- [Barkava Airstrip](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/airports/barkava-airstrip-airport-2678)
- [Biržu lidlauks](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/airports/birzu-lidlauks-airport-3661)
- [Cīrava Airfield](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/airports/cirava-airport-8062)
- [Dricāni Airstrip](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/airports/dricani-airstrip-airport-9039)

**Key Seaports:**
- [Riga (LV RIX)](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/seaports/riga-port-lv-rix)
- [Liepaja (LV LPX)](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/seaports/liepaja-port-lv-lpx)
- [Ventspils (LV VNT)](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/seaports/ventspils-port-lv-vnt)
- [Lielupe](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/seaports/lielupe-port-1917)
- [Salacgriva (LV SAL)](https://www.freight-academy.com/it/information/seaports/salacgriva-port-lv-sal)

## Customs & Import

**Import VAT:** Einfuhr-MwSt (PVN) 21 Prozent Normalsatz  
**Customs complexity:** mittel  
**Customs system:** EU-Zollkodex (UCC); nationales System EMDAS mit Automated Import System (AIS); summarische Eingangsanmeldung über ICS2.  
**Customs authority:** [Valsts ieņēmumu dienests (VID) - Zollverwaltung (Muitas pārvalde)](https://www.vid.gov.lv/en)

## Logistics & Risk

**Logistics role:** Baltischer Transit- und Hafenhub an der EU-Aussengrenze zu Russland und Belarus  
**Economic area:** EU / Eurozone / Schengen  
**Logistics risk:** mittel  
**Dangerous goods relevance:** mittel  
**Pharma/cold chain:** mittel

## Sources & Last Verified

- [https://www.vid.gov.lv/en](https://www.vid.gov.lv/en)
- [https://www.vid.gov.lv/en/how-become-user-emdas](https://www.vid.gov.lv/en/how-become-user-emdas)
- [https://www.vid.gov.lv/en/services/customs-procedure-export](https://www.vid.gov.lv/en/services/customs-procedure-export)
- [https://rop.lv/en](https://rop.lv/en)
- [https://stat.gov.lv/en/statistics-themes/population](https://stat.gov.lv/en/statistics-themes/population)
- [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/sanctions-against-belarus/](https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/sanctions-against-belarus/)
- [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2021/821/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2021/821/oj)
- [https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en](https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en)

*Last verified: 2026-07-24*

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