# Rumania (RO) **Capital:** Bucarest **Currency:** Leu rumano (RON) (RON) **Population:** 19'043'000 **Area:** 238'397 km² > Rumania, miembro de la UE y de Schengen en el sureste de Europa, cuenta con Constanta, el mayor puerto del Mar Negro y puerta de entrada clave de la UE para contenedores y cereales. Conecta Europa occidental y central con el Mar Negro y Ucrania. Rumänien (RO) ist EU- und Schengen-Mitglied in Südosteuropa und fungiert als Transit- und Drehscheibenland zwischen West- und Mitteleuropa, dem Schwarzmeerraum und der Ukraine/Moldau. Als Teil der EU-Zollunion gilt der gemeinsame Aussenzolltarif (TARIC); die Autoritatea Vamală Română fertigt elektronisch über ICS2, NCTS-RO und AES-RO ab, die Einfuhr-MwSt beträgt 21 Prozent (ermässigter Satz 11 Prozent). Wichtigstes Gateway ist Constanța, der grösste Hafen am Schwarzen Meer mit rund 990'000 TEU und über 90 Mio. Tonnen Umschlag (2024); in der Luftfracht dominieren Bukarest Henri Coandă (OTP) sowie Timișoara (TSR) und Cluj-Napoca (CLJ), dazu kommen Donauhäfen wie Galați und Giurgiu. Zentrale Achsen sind der TEN-V-Rhein-Donau-Korridor, die A1 Richtung Ungarn, die A2 Bukarest–Constanța sowie die Donau mit dem Donau-Schwarzmeer-Kanal. Gehandelt werden vor allem Fahrzeuge und Fahrzeugteile, Maschinen sowie Getreide und Ölsaaten; wichtigste Partner sind Deutschland, Italien, Ungarn und Frankreich. **Top Import Partners:** DE, IT, HU, PL, CN **Top Export Partners:** DE, IT, FR, HU, GB **Top Import Goods:** Maschinen, Fahrzeuge, Elektronik, Chemikalien, Erdöl **Top Export Goods:** Fahrzeuge, Maschinen, Textilien, Metalle, Möbel **Key Airports:** - [Bucharest Henri Coandă International Airport (OTP)](https://www.freight-academy.com/es/information/airports/bucharest-henri-coanda-international-airport-otp) - [Arad International Airport (ARW)](https://www.freight-academy.com/es/information/airports/arad-international-airport-arw) - [Bacău George Enescu International Airport (BCM)](https://www.freight-academy.com/es/information/airports/bacau-george-enescu-international-airport-bcm) - [Boboc Air Base](https://www.freight-academy.com/es/information/airports/boboc-air-base-airport-3848) - [Brașov-Ghimbav International Airport (GHV)](https://www.freight-academy.com/es/information/airports/brasov-ghimbav-international-airport-ghv) - [Bucharest Băneasa Aurel Vlaicu International Airport (BBU)](https://www.freight-academy.com/es/information/airports/bucharest-baneasa-aurel-vlaicu-international-airport-bbu) - [Caransebeş Airport (CSB)](https://www.freight-academy.com/es/information/airports/caransebes-airport-csb) - [Cluj Avram Iancu International Airport (CLJ)](https://www.freight-academy.com/es/information/airports/cluj-avram-iancu-international-airport-clj) - [Craiova International Airport (CRA)](https://www.freight-academy.com/es/information/airports/craiova-international-airport-cra) - [Câmpia Turzii Air Base](https://www.freight-academy.com/es/information/airports/campia-turzii-air-base-airport-8048) **Key Seaports:** - [Constanta (RO CND)](https://www.freight-academy.com/es/information/seaports/constanta-port-ro-cnd) - [Danube-Black Sea Canal](https://www.freight-academy.com/es/information/seaports/danube-black-sea-canal-port-2460) - [Galati (RO GAL)](https://www.freight-academy.com/es/information/seaports/galati-port-ro-gal) - [Basarabi (RO BAB)](https://www.freight-academy.com/es/information/seaports/basarabi-port-ro-bab) - [Braila (RO BRA)](https://www.freight-academy.com/es/information/seaports/braila-port-ro-bra) - [Cernavoda (RO CEV)](https://www.freight-academy.com/es/information/seaports/cernavoda-port-ro-cev) - [Mangalia (RO MAG)](https://www.freight-academy.com/es/information/seaports/mangalia-port-ro-mag) - [Medgidia (RO MED)](https://www.freight-academy.com/es/information/seaports/medgidia-port-ro-med) - [Midia (RO MID)](https://www.freight-academy.com/es/information/seaports/midia-port-ro-mid) - [Sulina (RO SUL)](https://www.freight-academy.com/es/information/seaports/sulina-port-ro-sul) ## Customs & Import **Import VAT:** 21 Prozent Normalsatz (seit 1. August 2025, zuvor 19 Prozent) **Customs complexity:** mittel **Customs system:** EU-Zollkodex (UZK); elektronische Einfuhrabfertigung der rumänischen Zollbehörde über ICS2 (Vorabanmeldung), NCTS-RO (Versand) und SIIV/DTI. EU-Zollunion mit gemeinsamem Aussenzolltarif (TARIC). **Customs authority:** [Autoritatea Vamală Română (AVR)](https://www.customs.ro) ## Logistics & Risk **Logistics role:** Transit- und Drehscheibenland zwischen West-/Mitteleuropa, Schwarzmeerraum und Ukraine/Moldau **Economic area:** EU (Binnenmarkt und Zollunion) **Logistics risk:** mittel **Dangerous goods relevance:** mittel bis hoch **Pharma/cold chain:** mittel ## Sources & Last Verified - [https://www.customs.ro](https://www.customs.ro) - [https://www.customs.ro/info-publice/emcs](https://www.customs.ro/info-publice/emcs) - [https://www.customs.ro/e-customs/aes](https://www.customs.ro/e-customs/aes) - [https://insse.ro/cms/en/content/permanent-resident-population-romania-1st-january-2025](https://insse.ro/cms/en/content/permanent-resident-population-romania-1st-january-2025) - [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/12/12/schengen-council-decides-to-lift-land-border-controls-with-bulgaria-and-romania/](https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/12/12/schengen-council-decides-to-lift-land-border-controls-with-bulgaria-and-romania/) - [https://www.ey.com/en_gl/technical/tax-alerts/romanian-tax-changes-introduced-by-new-fiscal-and-budgetary-measures](https://www.ey.com/en_gl/technical/tax-alerts/romanian-tax-changes-introduced-by-new-fiscal-and-budgetary-measures) - [https://www.portofconstantza.com](https://www.portofconstantza.com) - [https://www.vatupdate.com/2026/02/12/romania-comprehensive-vat-country-guide-2026/](https://www.vatupdate.com/2026/02/12/romania-comprehensive-vat-country-guide-2026/) *Last verified: 2026-07-21* --- *Freight Academy — Perfil de país: [https://www.freight-academy.com/es/information/land/ro](https://www.freight-academy.com/es/information/land/ro)* *Markdown mirror: [https://www.freight-academy.com/api/md/country/es/ro](https://www.freight-academy.com/api/md/country/es/ro)*