# Vietnam (VN) **Capital:** Hanoi **Currency:** Vietnamese Dong (VND) (VND) **Population:** 101'112'656 **Area:** 331'344 km² > Vietnam is a leading manufacturing and export hub in Southeast Asia, with strong supply chains for electronics, textiles and footwear. Key seaports are Cat Lai, Cai Mep-Thi Vai and Hai Phong/Lach Huyen; the main air cargo gateways are Noi Bai and Tan Son Nhat. Customs clearance runs electronically via VNACCS/VCIS. Broad preferential access exists through EVFTA, CPTPP, RCEP and ASEAN. Since 2025, US additional tariffs and tighter transshipment controls have weighed on trade. Vietnam (VN) is a key manufacturing and export hub in Southeast Asia, bordering China, Laos and Cambodia with a long coastline on the South China Sea. As an ASEAN/AFTA member with EVFTA, CPTPP and RCEP, the country has one of Asia's densest networks of trade preferences; customs clearance runs electronically through VNACCS/VCIS and the National Single Window, and import VAT is 10 percent (temporarily 8 percent for many goods until end-2026). Key gateways are the ports of Cat Lai (Ho Chi Minh City), Cai Mep-Thi Vai and Hai Phong/Lach Huyen, plus the cargo airports Noi Bai (HAN) and Tan Son Nhat (SGN). Inland, the North-South Expressway and the Lang Son and Lao Cai border corridors to China connect the industrial clusters; the North-South Railway complements domestic transport, and inland waterways play a major role in the Mekong Delta. Main exports are electronics, textiles and footwear — the top markets being the US, China, South Korea and Japan — while machinery, electronic components and chemicals are imported mainly from China and South Korea. **Top Import Partners:** CN, KR, JP, US **Top Export Partners:** US, CN, KR, JP **Top Import Goods:** Maschinen, Elektronik, Chemikalien, Plastik **Top Export Goods:** Elektronik, Textilien, Schuhe, Konsumgüter, Landwirtschaftsgüter **Key Airports:** - [Noi Bai International Airport (HAN)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/noi-bai-international-airport-han) - [Tan Son Nhat International Airport (SGN)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/tan-son-nhat-international-airport-sgn) - [Buon Ma Thuot Airport (BMV)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/buon-ma-thuot-airport-bmv) - [Cam Ranh International Airport / Cam Ranh Air Base (CXR)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/cam-ranh-international-airport-cam-ranh-air-base-airport-cxr) - [Can Tho International Airport (VCA)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/can-tho-international-airport-vca) - [Cat Bi International Airport (HPH)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/cat-bi-international-airport-hph) - [Con Dao Airport (VCS)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/con-dao-airport-vcs) - [Cà Mau Airport (CAH)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/ca-mau-airport-cah) - [Da Nang International Airport (DAD)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/da-nang-international-airport-dad) - [Dien Bien Phu Airport (DIN)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/dien-bien-phu-airport-din) **Key Seaports:** - [Cat Lai (VN CLI)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/cat-lai-port-vn-cli) - [Da Nang (VN DAD)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/da-nang-port-vn-dad) - [Ho Chi Minh City (VN SGN)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/thanh-ho-chi-minh-port-vn-sgn) - [Phu My (VN PHU)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/phu-my-port-vn-phu) - [Qui Nhon (VN UIH)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/qui-nhon-port-vn-uih) - [Hai Phong (VN HPH)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/hai-phong-port-vn-hph) - [Nghe Tinh (VN NGT)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/nghe-tinh-port-vn-ngt) - [Nha Trang (VN NHA)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/nha-trang-port-vn-nha) - [Vinh Cam Ranh (VN BNO)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/vinh-cam-ranh-port-vn-bno) - [Vung Tau](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/vung-tau-port-3443) ## Customs & Import **Import VAT:** Standard 10 Prozent **Customs complexity:** mittel bis hoch **Customs system:** Elektronische Abfertigung über VNACCS/VCIS und National Single Window. Einfuhranmeldung vor oder innerhalb 30 Tagen nach Ankunft; Risikokanäle grün/gelb/rot. **Customs authority:** [Tổng cục Hải quan (General Department of Vietnam Customs, GDVC)](https://www.customs.gov.vn) ## Logistics & Risk **Logistics role:** Produktions- und Exporthub Südostasiens **Economic area:** ASEAN / AFTA **Logistics risk:** mittel **Dangerous goods relevance:** mittel bis hoch **Pharma/cold chain:** mittel ## FAQ ### Welche Zollbehörde ist in Vietnam zuständig? Die General Department of Vietnam Customs (Tổng cục Hải quan) unter dem Finanzministerium. Anmeldungen erfolgen elektronisch über das System VNACCS/VCIS und das National Single Window. ### Wie hoch ist die Einfuhrumsatzsteuer (VAT) in Vietnam? Der Standardsatz beträgt 10 Prozent. Für viele Güter gilt bis 31.12.2026 ein temporär reduzierter Satz von 8 Prozent; Grundgüter 5 Prozent, Ausfuhren 0 Prozent. ### Welche Freihandelsabkommen kann ich für Vietnam nutzen? Unter anderem EVFTA (EU), CPTPP, RCEP und ASEAN/AFTA. Für Präferenzzölle sind korrekte Ursprungsnachweise nötig, etwa EUR.1 für EVFTA oder Form D für ASEAN. ### Was sind die wichtigsten Häfen und Flughäfen Vietnams? Wichtigste Seehäfen sind Cat Lai (Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt), Cai Mep-Thi Vai und Hai Phong/Lach Huyen. Zentrale Luftfrachtdrehkreuze sind Noi Bai (Hanoi) und Tan Son Nhat (Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt). ### Welche Waren sind bei der Einfuhr verboten oder beschränkt? Verbote und Beschränkungen regelt Decree 69/2018/ND-CP, darunter Waffen, Sprengstoff, Suchtmittel, viele Gebrauchtkonsumgüter, Gebrauchtfahrzeuge sowie CITES-geschützte Arten. ### Welche Rolle spielt der US-Zusatzzoll für vietnamesische Exporte? Seit 2025 erheben die USA einen Zusatzzoll von 20 Prozent auf viele vietnamesische Waren und 40 Prozent auf Transshipment aus Drittländern. Eine saubere Ursprungsdokumentation ist entscheidend. ### Welche saisonalen Risiken gibt es in Vietnam? Die Taifun- und Regenzeit von Mai bis November, vor allem in Zentral- und Nordvietnam, kann Hafen- und Luftfrachtabläufe verzögern. Im Mekong-Delta sind Überschwemmungen möglich. ## Sources & Last Verified - [https://www.customs.gov.vn](https://www.customs.gov.vn) - [https://www.nso.gov.vn/en/default/2025/12/viet-nam-population-projections-2024-2074/](https://www.nso.gov.vn/en/default/2025/12/viet-nam-population-projections-2024-2074/) - [https://vietnamlawmagazine.vn/na-adopts-resolution-on-vat-reduction-revised-law-on-enterprises-74462.html](https://vietnamlawmagazine.vn/na-adopts-resolution-on-vat-reduction-revised-law-on-enterprises-74462.html) - [https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/vietnam/corporate/other-taxes](https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/vietnam/corporate/other-taxes) - [https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/viet-nam/eu-viet-nam-agreements_en](https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/viet-nam/eu-viet-nam-agreements_en) - [https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/vietnam-prohibited-restricted-imports](https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/vietnam-prohibited-restricted-imports) - [https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/us-vietnam-framework-for-trade-agreement-key-terms-and-expectations.html/](https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/us-vietnam-framework-for-trade-agreement-key-terms-and-expectations.html/) - [https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/2026-vietnam-public-holiday-schedule-tet-national-day-holidays.html/](https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/2026-vietnam-public-holiday-schedule-tet-national-day-holidays.html/) *Last verified: 2026-07-28* --- *Freight Academy — Country Profile: [https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/land/vn](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/land/vn)* *Markdown mirror: [https://www.freight-academy.com/api/md/country/en/vn](https://www.freight-academy.com/api/md/country/en/vn)*