# Vietnam (VN)

**Capital:** Hanoi  
**Currency:** Vietnamese Dong (VND) (VND)  
**Population:** 101,112,656 — Older stored figure; source year not documented.  
**Area:** 331,344 km²

> Vietnam is a leading manufacturing and export hub in Southeast Asia, with strong supply chains for electronics, textiles and footwear. Key seaports are Cat Lai, Cai Mep-Thi Vai and Hai Phong/Lach Huyen; the main air cargo gateways are Noi Bai and Tan Son Nhat. Customs clearance runs electronically via VNACCS/VCIS. Broad preferential access exists through EVFTA, CPTPP, RCEP and ASEAN. Since 2025, US additional tariffs and tighter transshipment controls have weighed on trade.

Vietnam (VN) is a key manufacturing and export hub in Southeast Asia, bordering China, Laos and Cambodia with a long coastline on the South China Sea. As an ASEAN/AFTA member with EVFTA, CPTPP and RCEP, the country has one of Asia's densest networks of trade preferences; customs clearance runs electronically through VNACCS/VCIS and the National Single Window, and import VAT is 10 percent (temporarily 8 percent for many goods until end-2026). Key gateways are the ports of Cat Lai (Ho Chi Minh City), Cai Mep-Thi Vai and Hai Phong/Lach Huyen, plus the cargo airports Noi Bai (HAN) and Tan Son Nhat (SGN). Inland, the North-South Expressway and the Lang Son and Lao Cai border corridors to China connect the industrial clusters; the North-South Railway complements domestic transport, and inland waterways play a major role in the Mekong Delta. Main exports are electronics, textiles and footwear — the top markets being the US, China, South Korea and Japan — while machinery, electronic components and chemicals are imported mainly from China and South Korea.

**Top Import Partners:** CN, KR, JP, US

**Top Export Partners:** US, CN, KR, JP

**Top Import Goods:** Machinery, Electronics, Chemicals, Plastics

**Top Export Goods:** Electronics, Textiles, Footwear, Consumer goods, Agricultural goods

**Key Airports:**
- [Noi Bai International Airport (HAN)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/noi-bai-international-airport-han)
- [Tan Son Nhat International Airport (SGN)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/tan-son-nhat-international-airport-sgn)
- [Buon Ma Thuot Airport (BMV)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/buon-ma-thuot-airport-bmv)
- [Cam Ranh International Airport / Cam Ranh Air Base (CXR)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/cam-ranh-international-airport-cam-ranh-air-base-airport-cxr)
- [Can Tho International Airport (VCA)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/can-tho-international-airport-vca)
- [Cat Bi International Airport (HPH)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/cat-bi-international-airport-hph)
- [Con Dao Airport (VCS)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/con-dao-airport-vcs)
- [Cà Mau Airport (CAH)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/ca-mau-airport-cah)
- [Da Nang International Airport (DAD)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/da-nang-international-airport-dad)
- [Dien Bien Phu Airport (DIN)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/dien-bien-phu-airport-din)

**Key Seaports:**
- [Cat Lai (VN CLI)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/cat-lai-port-vn-cli)
- [Hai Phong (VN HPH)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/hai-phong-port-vn-hph)
- [Da Nang (VN DAD)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/da-nang-port-vn-dad)
- [Ho Chi Minh City (VN SGN)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/thanh-ho-chi-minh-port-vn-sgn)
- [Phu My (VN PHU)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/phu-my-port-vn-phu)
- [Qui Nhon (VN UIH)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/qui-nhon-port-vn-uih)
- [Nghe Tinh (VN NGT)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/nghe-tinh-port-vn-ngt)
- [Nha Trang (VN NHA)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/nha-trang-port-vn-nha)
- [Vinh Cam Ranh (VN BNO)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/vinh-cam-ranh-port-vn-bno)
- [Vung Tau](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/vung-tau-port-3443)

## Customs & Import

**Import VAT:** Standard rate 10 percent  
**Customs complexity:** medium to high  
**Customs system:** Electronic clearance via VNACCS/VCIS and National Single Window. Import declaration before or within 30 days after arrival; green/yellow/red risk channels.  
**Customs authority:** [Tổng cục Hải quan (General Department of Vietnam Customs, GDVC)](https://www.customs.gov.vn)

## Logistics & Risk

**Logistics role:** Production and export hub of Southeast Asia  
**Economic area:** ASEAN / AFTA  
**Logistics risk:** medium  
**Dangerous goods relevance:** medium to high  
**Pharma/cold chain:** medium

## FAQ

### Which customs authority is responsible in Vietnam?

The General Department of Vietnam Customs (Tổng cục Hải quan) under the Ministry of Finance. Declarations are filed electronically via the VNACCS/VCIS system and the National Single Window.

### What is the import value-added tax (VAT) rate in Vietnam?

The standard rate is 10 percent. For many goods, a temporarily reduced rate of 8 percent applies until 31.12.2026; essential goods 5 percent, exports 0 percent.

### Which free trade agreements can I use for Vietnam?

Among others, EVFTA (EU), CPTPP, RCEP and ASEAN/AFTA. Preferential duties require correct proof of origin, such as EUR.1 for EVFTA or Form D for ASEAN.

### What are Vietnam's main ports and airports?

The main seaports are Cat Lai (Ho Chi Minh City), Cai Mep-Thi Vai and Hai Phong/Lach Huyen. Central air cargo hubs are Noi Bai (Hanoi) and Tan Son Nhat (Ho Chi Minh City).

### Which goods are prohibited or restricted on import?

Prohibitions and restrictions are governed by Decree 69/2018/ND-CP, including weapons, explosives, narcotics, many used consumer goods, used vehicles and CITES-protected species.

### What role does the US additional tariff play for Vietnamese exports?

Since 2025, the US has applied an additional tariff of 20 percent on many Vietnamese goods and 40 percent on transshipment from third countries. Clean origin documentation is decisive.

### What seasonal risks exist in Vietnam?

The typhoon and rainy season from May to November, mainly in central and northern Vietnam, can delay port and air freight operations. Flooding is possible in the Mekong Delta.

## Sources & Last Verified

- [https://www.customs.gov.vn](https://www.customs.gov.vn)
- [https://www.nso.gov.vn/en/default/2025/12/viet-nam-population-projections-2024-2074/](https://www.nso.gov.vn/en/default/2025/12/viet-nam-population-projections-2024-2074/)
- [https://vietnamlawmagazine.vn/na-adopts-resolution-on-vat-reduction-revised-law-on-enterprises-74462.html](https://vietnamlawmagazine.vn/na-adopts-resolution-on-vat-reduction-revised-law-on-enterprises-74462.html)
- [https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/vietnam/corporate/other-taxes](https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/vietnam/corporate/other-taxes)
- [https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/viet-nam/eu-viet-nam-agreements_en](https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/viet-nam/eu-viet-nam-agreements_en)
- [https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/vietnam-prohibited-restricted-imports](https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/vietnam-prohibited-restricted-imports)
- [https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/us-vietnam-framework-for-trade-agreement-key-terms-and-expectations.html/](https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/us-vietnam-framework-for-trade-agreement-key-terms-and-expectations.html/)
- [https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/2026-vietnam-public-holiday-schedule-tet-national-day-holidays.html/](https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/2026-vietnam-public-holiday-schedule-tet-national-day-holidays.html/)

*Last verified: 2026-07-28*

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