# Romania (RO) **Capital:** Bucharest **Currency:** Romanian leu (RON) (RON) **Population:** 19'043'000 **Area:** 238'397 km² > Romania is an EU and Schengen member in south-eastern Europe whose port of Constanta is the Black Sea's largest and a key EU gateway for containers and grain. Via Danube, road and rail corridors it links Western and Central Europe with the Black Sea region and Ukraine. Romania (RO) is an EU and Schengen member in south-eastern Europe and acts as a transit hub linking Western and Central Europe with the Black Sea region, Ukraine and Moldova. As part of the EU customs union the common external tariff (TARIC) applies; the Romanian Customs Authority (AVR) clears goods electronically via ICS2, NCTS-RO and AES-RO, and import VAT is 21 percent (reduced rate 11 percent). The main gateway is Constanta, the Black Sea's largest port with around 990,000 TEU and over 90 million tonnes handled in 2024; air cargo is concentrated at Bucharest Henri Coanda (OTP), Timisoara (TSR) and Cluj-Napoca (CLJ), complemented by Danube ports such as Galati and Giurgiu. Key axes are the TEN-T Rhine-Danube corridor, the A1 towards Hungary, the A2 Bucharest-Constanta and the Danube with the Danube-Black Sea Canal. Main traded goods are vehicles and automotive parts, machinery, and grain and oilseeds; leading partners are Germany, Italy, Hungary and France. **Top Import Partners:** DE, IT, HU, PL, CN **Top Export Partners:** DE, IT, FR, HU, GB **Top Import Goods:** Maschinen, Fahrzeuge, Elektronik, Chemikalien, Erdöl **Top Export Goods:** Fahrzeuge, Maschinen, Textilien, Metalle, Möbel **Key Airports:** - [Bucharest Henri Coandă International Airport (OTP)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/bucharest-henri-coanda-international-airport-otp) - [Arad International Airport (ARW)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/arad-international-airport-arw) - [Bacău George Enescu International Airport (BCM)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/bacau-george-enescu-international-airport-bcm) - [Boboc Air Base](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/boboc-air-base-airport-3848) - [Brașov-Ghimbav International Airport (GHV)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/brasov-ghimbav-international-airport-ghv) - [Bucharest Băneasa Aurel Vlaicu International Airport (BBU)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/bucharest-baneasa-aurel-vlaicu-international-airport-bbu) - [Caransebeş Airport (CSB)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/caransebes-airport-csb) - [Cluj Avram Iancu International Airport (CLJ)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/cluj-avram-iancu-international-airport-clj) - [Craiova International Airport (CRA)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/craiova-international-airport-cra) - [Câmpia Turzii Air Base](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/campia-turzii-air-base-airport-8048) **Key Seaports:** - [Constanta (RO CND)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/constanta-port-ro-cnd) - [Danube-Black Sea Canal](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/danube-black-sea-canal-port-2460) - [Galati (RO GAL)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/galati-port-ro-gal) - [Basarabi (RO BAB)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/basarabi-port-ro-bab) - [Braila (RO BRA)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/braila-port-ro-bra) - [Cernavoda (RO CEV)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/cernavoda-port-ro-cev) - [Mangalia (RO MAG)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/mangalia-port-ro-mag) - [Medgidia (RO MED)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/medgidia-port-ro-med) - [Midia (RO MID)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/midia-port-ro-mid) - [Sulina (RO SUL)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/sulina-port-ro-sul) ## Customs & Import **Import VAT:** 21 Prozent Normalsatz (seit 1. August 2025, zuvor 19 Prozent) **Customs complexity:** mittel **Customs system:** EU-Zollkodex (UZK); elektronische Einfuhrabfertigung der rumänischen Zollbehörde über ICS2 (Vorabanmeldung), NCTS-RO (Versand) und SIIV/DTI. EU-Zollunion mit gemeinsamem Aussenzolltarif (TARIC). **Customs authority:** [Autoritatea Vamală Română (AVR)](https://www.customs.ro) ## Logistics & Risk **Logistics role:** Transit- und Drehscheibenland zwischen West-/Mitteleuropa, Schwarzmeerraum und Ukraine/Moldau **Economic area:** EU (Binnenmarkt und Zollunion) **Logistics risk:** mittel **Dangerous goods relevance:** mittel bis hoch **Pharma/cold chain:** mittel ## Sources & Last Verified - [https://www.customs.ro](https://www.customs.ro) - [https://www.customs.ro/info-publice/emcs](https://www.customs.ro/info-publice/emcs) - [https://www.customs.ro/e-customs/aes](https://www.customs.ro/e-customs/aes) - [https://insse.ro/cms/en/content/permanent-resident-population-romania-1st-january-2025](https://insse.ro/cms/en/content/permanent-resident-population-romania-1st-january-2025) - [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/12/12/schengen-council-decides-to-lift-land-border-controls-with-bulgaria-and-romania/](https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/12/12/schengen-council-decides-to-lift-land-border-controls-with-bulgaria-and-romania/) - [https://www.ey.com/en_gl/technical/tax-alerts/romanian-tax-changes-introduced-by-new-fiscal-and-budgetary-measures](https://www.ey.com/en_gl/technical/tax-alerts/romanian-tax-changes-introduced-by-new-fiscal-and-budgetary-measures) - [https://www.portofconstantza.com](https://www.portofconstantza.com) - [https://www.vatupdate.com/2026/02/12/romania-comprehensive-vat-country-guide-2026/](https://www.vatupdate.com/2026/02/12/romania-comprehensive-vat-country-guide-2026/) *Last verified: 2026-07-21* --- *Freight Academy — Country Profile: [https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/land/ro](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/land/ro)* *Markdown mirror: [https://www.freight-academy.com/api/md/country/en/ro](https://www.freight-academy.com/api/md/country/en/ro)*