# Ghana (GH)

**Capital:** Accra  
**Currency:** Ghanaian Cedi (GHS) (GHS)  
**Population:** 30'832'019  
**Area:** 238'533 km²

> Ghana is a key port and transit hub for West Africa. The ports of Tema and Takoradi handle around 85 percent of foreign trade and also serve landlocked neighbours such as Burkina Faso and Mali. Customs is processed electronically via ICUMS under the Ghana Revenue Authority. Since 1 January 2026 a VAT of 15 percent applies, plus NHIL and GETFund of 2.5 percent each. Ghana is an ECOWAS member, applies the Common External Tariff (CET) and hosts the AfCFTA Secretariat in Accra.

Ghana (GH) is West Africa's port and transit hub for the landlocked countries Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger, and hosts the AfCFTA Secretariat in Accra. As an ECOWAS member, Ghana applies the Common External Tariff (0/5/10/20/35 per cent); clearance has run electronically through the Ghana Revenue Authority's ICUMS since 2020, and since 1 January 2026 import VAT is 15 per cent plus NHIL and GETFund of 2.5 per cent each. The main gateways are the ports of Tema (MPS Terminal 3) and Takoradi, handling around 85 per cent of foreign trade, plus Kotoka International Airport in Accra (ACC). Key axes are the Tema–Paga–Ouagadougou corridor, the Tema–Takoradi coastal corridor and the Accra–Kumasi–Tamale route; the Western rail line is being rehabilitated. Exports centre on gold, crude oil and cocoa, imports on petroleum products, machinery and vehicles; main partners are China, Switzerland, the Netherlands, India and the United States.

**Top Import Partners:** CN, US, AE, IN, NL

**Top Export Partners:** CH, CN, NL, IN US

**Top Import Goods:** Erdölprodukte, Maschinen, Fahrzeuge, Chemikalien, Konsumgüter

**Top Export Goods:** Gold, Rohöl, Kakao, Holz, Aluminium

**Key Airports:**
- [Kotoka International Airport (ACC)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/kotoka-international-airport-acc)
- [Ho Airport](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/ho-airport-dgah)
- [Kumasi Airport (KMS)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/kumasi-airport-kms)
- [Sunyani Airport (NYI)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/sunyani-airport-nyi)
- [Takoradi Airport (TKD)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/takoradi-airport-tkd)
- [Tamale Airport (TML)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/tamale-airport-tml)
- [Ajena Airstrip](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/ajena-airstrip-airport-421)
- [Kpong Airfield](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/kpong-airport-17239)
- [Navrongo Airport](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/navrongo-airport-dgln)
- [Wa Airport (WZA)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/wa-airport-wza)

## Customs & Import

**Import VAT:** Einfuhr-VAT 15 Prozent plus NHIL 2,5 Prozent und GETFund 2,5 Prozent auf gleicher Basis (zusammen rund 20 Prozent)  
**Customs complexity:** mittel bis hoch  
**Customs system:** Elektronische Zollabwicklung über ICUMS (Integrated Customs Management System, seit 2020); Anmeldung durch lizenzierte Zollagenten. Tarifierung nach ECOWAS-Gemeinsamem Aussenzoll (CET).  
**Customs authority:** [Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA), Customs Division](https://gra.gov.gh/customs/)

## Logistics & Risk

**Logistics role:** Westafrikanisches Hafen- und Transitdrehkreuz (Tema/Takoradi); Sitz des AfCFTA-Sekretariats  
**Economic area:** ECOWAS / AfCFTA  
**Logistics risk:** mittel  
**Dangerous goods relevance:** mittel  
**Pharma/cold chain:** mittel

## Sources & Last Verified

- [https://gra.gov.gh/customs/](https://gra.gov.gh/customs/)
- [https://gra.gov.gh/domestic-tax/tax-types/vat/](https://gra.gov.gh/domestic-tax/tax-types/vat/)
- [https://gra.gov.gh/domestic-tax/tax-types/vat-on-imports-and-exports/](https://gra.gov.gh/domestic-tax/tax-types/vat-on-imports-and-exports/)
- [https://gra.gov.gh/customs/icums/](https://gra.gov.gh/customs/icums/)
- [https://gra.gov.gh/customs/customs-tariffs-and-levies/](https://gra.gov.gh/customs/customs-tariffs-and-levies/)
- [https://gra.gov.gh/customs/import-prohibitions-and-restrictions/](https://gra.gov.gh/customs/import-prohibitions-and-restrictions/)
- [https://ghanaports.gov.gh/](https://ghanaports.gov.gh/)
- [https://census2021.statsghana.gov.gh/](https://census2021.statsghana.gov.gh/)

*Last verified: 2026-07-23*

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*Freight Academy — Country Profile: [https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/land/gh](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/land/gh)*

*Markdown mirror: [https://www.freight-academy.com/api/md/country/en/gh](https://www.freight-academy.com/api/md/country/en/gh)*