# Finland (FI) **Capital:** Helsinki **Currency:** Euro (EUR) (EUR) **Population:** 5,653,000 — Older stored figure; source year not documented. **Area:** 338,424 km² > Finland is a highly developed EU and eurozone country in Northern Europe with a long Baltic Sea coastline. Foreign trade runs mainly through seaports such as HaminaKotka (the largest universal and container port), Helsinki and the oil port of Sköldvik, plus Helsinki-Vantaa Airport for air cargo. Customs are harmonised EU-wide and handled nationally in the UTU clearance system. Strengths include political stability, high-quality infrastructure and a reliable road and broad-gauge rail network; challenges include the Nordic winter season with sea ice and the land border with Russia, closed since late 2023. Finland (FI) is an EU and eurozone country in Northern Europe with a long Baltic Sea coastline, acting as the EU's northern gateway and a Baltic hub. As an EU member, Finland is part of the EU customs union; national clearance runs in Finnish Customs' (Tulli) UTU system, with transit via NCTS. Import VAT is 25.5 percent (reduced rates 13.5 and 10 percent). The main gateways are Helsinki-Vantaa Airport (HEL) for air cargo and the seaports of HaminaKotka (the largest universal and container port), Helsinki, Turku/Naantali and the oil port of Sköldvik/Porvoo. By road, the E18 (Turku–Helsinki–Vaalimaa), E75, E12 and E8 connect the country; rail runs on 1,524 mm broad gauge along the Helsinki–Tampere–Oulu axis with a link to Sweden via Tornio/Haparanda. The land border with Russia has been closed since late 2023. Key exports are paper and pulp, machinery and electronics; main trading partners are Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands and the US. **Top Import Partners:** DE, SE, RU, CN, NL **Top Export Partners:** DE, SE, US, NL, CN **Top Import Goods:** Crude oil, Machinery, Vehicles, Chemicals, Electronics **Top Export Goods:** Paper, Machinery, Electronics, Metals, Vehicles **Key Airports:** - [Helsinki Vantaa Airport (HEL)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/helsinki-vantaa-airport-hel) - [Enontekio Airport (ENF)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/enontekio-airport-enf) - [Halli Airport (KEV)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/halli-airport-kev) - [Helsinki East-Redstone Aerodrome](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/helsinki-east-redstone-airport-13399) - [Ivalo Airport (IVL)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/ivalo-airport-ivl) - [Joensuu Airport (JOE)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/joensuu-airport-joe) - [Jyväskylä Airport (JYV)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/jyvaeskylae-airport-jyv) - [Kajaani Airport (KAJ)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/kajaani-airport-kaj) - [Kauhajoki Airfield (KHJ)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/kauhajoki-airport-khj) - [Kauhava Airfield (KAU)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/kauhava-airport-kau) **Key Seaports:** - [Helsinki (FI HEL)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/helsinki-port-fi-hel) - [Kokkola (FI KOK)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/kokkola-port-fi-kok) - [Kotka (FI KTK)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/kotka-port-fi-ktk) - [Oulu (FI OUL)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/oulu-port-fi-oul) - [Pori (FI POR)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/pori-port-fi-por) - [Kaskinen (FI KAS)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/kaskinen-port-fi-kas) - [Kristinestad (FI KRS)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/kristinestad-port-fi-krs) - [Mantyluoto (FI MTY)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/mantyluoto-port-fi-mty) - [Pietarsaari (FI PRS)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/pietarsaari-port-fi-prs) - [Rauma (FI RAU)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/rauma-port-fi-rau) ## Customs & Import **Import VAT:** Import VAT standard rate 25,5 percent (since 1.9.2024) **Customs complexity:** medium **Customs system:** EU customs union; national processing in the Customs Clearance System UTU (gradually replacing AREX/ITU), transit via NCTS, EORI number required. **Customs authority:** [Finnish Customs (Tulli / Finnish Customs)](https://tulli.fi) ## Logistics & Risk **Logistics role:** EU Nordic Country / Baltic Sea Hub / Transit Country **Economic area:** EU / Eurozone **Logistics risk:** low **Dangerous goods relevance:** medium to high **Pharma/cold chain:** medium ## FAQ ### Is Finland part of the EU customs union? Yes. Finland is an EU member and part of the EU customs union and the eurozone. There are no customs controls within the EU; the Common Customs Tariff applies to third countries. ### What is the import VAT rate in Finland? The standard VAT rate is 25.5 percent (since 1 Sept 2024). Reduced rates are 13.5 percent (since 1 Jan 2026) and 10 percent. ### What are Finland's main ports? HaminaKotka is the largest universal and container port, Helsinki leads by cargo value, and Sköldvik is the main oil port. Others include Turku/Naantali and Kotka. ### Which airport handles air cargo? Helsinki-Vantaa (HEL) is the central cargo airport; about 90 percent of Finland's international air traffic passes through it. ### Which customs system does Finland use? Finnish Customs (Tulli) processes imports and exports in the UTU clearance system; transit runs via NCTS. An EORI number is required. ### What are the special logistics risks? Harsh winters with Baltic sea ice require icebreaker assistance. In addition, the land border with Russia has been closed since late 2023, ending eastbound transit business. ## Sources & Last Verified - [https://tulli.fi](https://tulli.fi) - [https://tulli.fi/en/businesses/export/how-to-make-an-export-declaration](https://tulli.fi/en/businesses/export/how-to-make-an-export-declaration) - [https://tulli.fi/en/latest-from-customs/phased-changes-to-customs-declarations](https://tulli.fi/en/latest-from-customs/phased-changes-to-customs-declarations) - [https://www.vero.fi/en/businesses-and-corporations/taxes-and-charges/vat/rates-of-vat/](https://www.vero.fi/en/businesses-and-corporations/taxes-and-charges/vat/rates-of-vat/) - [https://stat.fi/en/publication/cm0oxyupo6vld07utaid7yubt](https://stat.fi/en/publication/cm0oxyupo6vld07utaid7yubt) - [https://um.fi/international-sanctions](https://um.fi/international-sanctions) - [https://www.haminakotka.com/about-port/major-finnish-multipurpose-port](https://www.haminakotka.com/about-port/major-finnish-multipurpose-port) - [https://www.finavia.fi/en/airports/helsinki-airport](https://www.finavia.fi/en/airports/helsinki-airport) *Last verified: 2026-07-23* --- *Freight Academy — Country Profile: [https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/land/fi](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/land/fi)* *Markdown mirror: [https://www.freight-academy.com/api/md/country/en/fi](https://www.freight-academy.com/api/md/country/en/fi)*