# Estonia (EE) **Capital:** Tallinn **Currency:** Euro (EUR) (EUR) **Population:** 1'360'745 **Area:** 45'227 km² > Estonia is a digitally advanced EU and eurozone state on the Baltic Sea and an important Baltic transit and port location. Muuga Harbour near Tallinn is the country's largest cargo port and ice-free year-round, handling containers, RoRo, liquid bulk, grain and fertilisers. Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport covers air freight and express traffic. The EU Customs Code applies; import VAT is 24 percent. Owing to the border with Russia, the eastern frontier is subject to strict sanctions and export controls. Estonia (EE) is a Baltic EU and eurozone state on the Baltic Sea, serving as a transit and port location for the Nordics and the Baltics with a digitally advanced administration. As an EU member, Estonia is part of the customs union and single market; customs clearance runs electronically through the EMTA tax and customs board's e-MTA portal (import system Impulss), and import VAT is 24 percent (reduced rate 9 percent). The main gateways are the year-round ice-free Muuga Harbour near Tallinn (containers, RoRo, liquid bulk, grain), Paldiski South and Sillamäe, plus Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport (TLL). Key corridors are the Via Baltica (E67) towards Riga and Warsaw, the E20 Tallinn–Narva and the broad-gauge network (1520 mm); the standard-gauge Rail Baltica line is under construction (opening around 2030). Main exports are machinery, electronics and wood products; key partners are Finland, Sweden, Latvia and Germany. Strict sanctions and export controls apply at the eastern border with Russia. **Top Import Partners:** FI, DE, LT, LV, PL **Top Export Partners:** FI, SE, LV, DE, LT **Top Import Goods:** Maschinen, Fahrzeuge, Elektronik, Chemikalien, Metalle **Top Export Goods:** Maschinen, Elektronik, Holz, Lebensmittel, Metalle **Key Airports:** - [Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport (TLL)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/lennart-meri-tallinn-airport-tll) - [Kuressaare Airport (URE)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/kuressaare-airport-ure) - [Kärdla Airport (KDL)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/kaerdla-airport-kdl) - [Pärnu Airport (EPU)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/paernu-airport-epu) - [Tartu Airport (TAY)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/tartu-airport-tay) - [Ämari Air Base](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/aemari-air-base-airport-eeei) - [Aespa Airfield](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/aespa-airport-255) - [Antsla Airfield](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/antsla-airport-eeaa) - [Humala Airfield](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/humala-airport-eeha) - [Jõhvi Airfield](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/johvi-airport-eeji) **Key Seaports:** - [Muuga-Port of Tallin (EE MUG)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/muuga-port-of-tallin-port-ee-mug) - [Paldiski Lounasadam (EE PLS)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/paldiski-lounasadam-port-ee-pls) - [Sillamae (EE SLM)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/sillamae-port-ee-slm) - [Vanasadam - Port of Tallinn (EE TLL)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/vanasadam-port-of-tallinn-port-ee-tll) - [Paljassaare (EE PAS)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/paljassaare-port-ee-pas) - [Miiduranna (EE MDR)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/miiduranna-port-ee-mdr) - [Paldiski Pohjasadam (EE PLN)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/paldiski-pohjasadam-port-ee-pln) - [Parnu (EE PRN)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/parnu-port-ee-prn) - [Vene-Balti (EE VEB)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/vene-balti-port-ee-veb) - [Bekkeri (EE BEK)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/bekkeri-port-ee-bek) ## Customs & Import **Import VAT:** Einfuhr-Umsatzsteuer 24 Prozent (Standardsatz seit 1. Juli 2025) **Customs complexity:** niedrig bis mittel **Customs system:** EU-Zollkodex (UCC); nationale elektronische Einfuhranmeldung über das System Impulss im e-MTA-Portal der Zollbehörde. **Customs authority:** [Maksu- ja Tolliamet (Estnische Steuer- und Zollbehörde / Estonian Tax and Customs Board)](https://www.emta.ee) ## Logistics & Risk **Logistics role:** Baltischer Transit- und Hafen-Hub / Digitalwirtschaft **Economic area:** EU / Eurozone **Logistics risk:** niedrig bis mittel **Dangerous goods relevance:** mittel **Pharma/cold chain:** mittel ## Sources & Last Verified - [https://www.emta.ee](https://www.emta.ee) - [https://www.ts.ee](https://www.ts.ee) - [https://vm.ee](https://vm.ee) - [https://www.emta.ee/en/business-client/taxes-and-payment/value-added-tax/vat-rates-and-supply-exempt-tax](https://www.emta.ee/en/business-client/taxes-and-payment/value-added-tax/vat-rates-and-supply-exempt-tax) - [https://stat.ee/en/find-statistics/statistics-theme/population/population-figure](https://stat.ee/en/find-statistics/statistics-theme/population/population-figure) - [https://www.emta.ee/en/business-client/customs-trade-goods/customs-clearance/customs-declarations-and-applications](https://www.emta.ee/en/business-client/customs-trade-goods/customs-clearance/customs-declarations-and-applications) - [https://vm.ee/en/sanctions-arms-and-export-control/international-sanctions](https://vm.ee/en/sanctions-arms-and-export-control/international-sanctions) - [https://www.ts.ee/en/muuga-harbour/](https://www.ts.ee/en/muuga-harbour/) *Last verified: 2026-07-24* --- *Freight Academy — Country Profile: [https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/land/ee](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/land/ee)* *Markdown mirror: [https://www.freight-academy.com/api/md/country/en/ee](https://www.freight-academy.com/api/md/country/en/ee)*