# Colombia (CO) **Capital:** Bogotá **Currency:** Colombian Peso (COP) (COP) **Population:** 53'057'212 **Area:** 1'141'748 km² > Colombia is a central trade and transit gateway in South America with ports on the Pacific (Buenaventura) and the Caribbean (Cartagena, Barranquilla, Santa Marta) and Bogotá El Dorado airport (BOG), one of Latin America's largest cargo hubs. The customs authority is DIAN; import VAT (IVA) is 19 percent on CIF plus duty. Free trade agreements with the EU, EFTA (including Switzerland, in force since 1 July 2011), the USA and the Pacific Alliance, plus membership of the Andean Community, lower tariffs. Key exports are coffee, coal, oil and cut flowers. Colombia (CO) lies in north-western South America as the continent's only country with both Pacific and Caribbean coastlines, making it a key Andean trade and transit gateway. It is a member of the Andean Community (CAN) and the Pacific Alliance. Customs authority: DIAN, using the electronic SYGA system and the VUCE single trade window; import VAT (IVA) is 19 percent on CIF plus duty (5 percent or exempt for selected goods). Main cargo airports: Bogotá El Dorado (BOG) and Medellín Rionegro (MDE). Key seaports: Cartagena (over 4.1 million TEU in 2025, Colombia's leading gateway), Buenaventura on the Pacific, Barranquilla and Santa Marta on the Caribbean. Main road corridor: Bogotá–Buenaventura and the Ruta del Sol to the Caribbean coast; Fenoco coal railway links La Loma with Santa Marta. Principal exports: coffee, coal, crude oil, cut flowers; main partners: USA, China and the EU. **Top Import Partners:** US, CN, BR, MX, DE **Top Export Partners:** US, CN BR, MX, FR **Top Import Goods:** Elektronische Geräte, Maschinen, Fahrzeuge, Pharma, Mineralöle **Top Export Goods:** Rohöl, Kohleprodukte, Gold, Kaffee, Pflanzen **Key Airports:** - [El Dorado International Airport (BOG)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/el-dorado-international-airport-bog) - [Aguas Claras Airport (OCV)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/aguas-claras-airport-ocv) - [Alfonso Bonilla Aragon International Airport (CLO)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/alfonso-bonilla-aragon-international-airport-clo) - [Alfonso López Pumarejo Airport (VUP)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/alfonso-lopez-pumarejo-airport-vup) - [Alfredo Vásquez Cobo International Airport (LET)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/alfredo-vasquez-cobo-international-airport-let) - [Almirante Padilla Airport (RCH)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/almirante-padilla-airport-rch) - [Antonio Nariño Airport (PSO)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/antonio-narino-airport-pso) - [Antonio Roldán Betancur Airport (APO)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/antonio-roldan-betancur-airport-apo) - [Baracoa Airport (MGN)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/baracoa-airport-mgn) - [Benito Salas Airport (NVA)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/airports/benito-salas-airport-nva) **Key Seaports:** - [Barranquilla (COBAQ)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/barranquilla-port-cobaq) - [Cartagena (CO CTG)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/cartagena-port-co-ctg) - [Buenaventura (COBUN)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/buenaventura-port-cobun) - [Covenas (COCVE)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/covenas-port-cocve) - [El Bosque (CO EBQ)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/el-bosque-port-co-ebq) - [Mamonal (CO MAM)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/mamonal-port-co-mam) - [Pozos Colorados (CO POC)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/pozos-colorados-port-co-poc) - [Puerto Bolivar (CO PBO)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/puerto-bolivar-port-co-pbo) - [Puerto Prodeco (CO PPR)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/puerto-prodeco-port-co-ppr) - [Santa Marta (CO SMR)](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/seaports/santa-marta-port-co-smr) ## Customs & Import **Import VAT:** Einfuhr-IVA Normalsatz 19 Prozent auf CIF-Wert plus Zoll **Customs complexity:** mittel bis hoch **Customs system:** Elektronische Einfuhrabfertigung der DIAN über das System SYGA; Rechtsgrundlage Estatuto Aduanero (Decreto 1165 de 2019). Anmeldung und Genehmigungen über die Ventanilla Única de Comercio Exterior (VUCE). **Customs authority:** [DIAN - Dirección de Impuestos y Aduanas Nacionales](https://www.dian.gov.co) ## Logistics & Risk **Logistics role:** Andines Handels- und Transittor mit Pazifik- und Karibikhäfen; Export von Kaffee, Kohle, Erdöl und Schnittblumen **Economic area:** Comunidad Andina (CAN) / Alianza del Pacífico **Logistics risk:** mittel **Dangerous goods relevance:** mittel **Pharma/cold chain:** hoch ## Sources & Last Verified - [https://www.dian.gov.co](https://www.dian.gov.co) - [https://www.dian.gov.co/aduanas/Paginas/Inicio.aspx](https://www.dian.gov.co/aduanas/Paginas/Inicio.aspx) - [https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/proyecciones-de-poblacion](https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/proyecciones-de-poblacion) - [https://www.efta.int/trade-relations/free-trade-network/colombia](https://www.efta.int/trade-relations/free-trade-network/colombia) - [https://trade.ec.europa.eu/access-to-markets/en/content/eu-colombia-peru-ecuador-trade-agreement](https://trade.ec.europa.eu/access-to-markets/en/content/eu-colombia-peru-ecuador-trade-agreement) - [https://www.vuce.gov.co](https://www.vuce.gov.co) - [https://www.riotimesonline.com/colombian-ports-efficiency-ranking-cartagena-buenaventura-june-2026/](https://www.riotimesonline.com/colombian-ports-efficiency-ranking-cartagena-buenaventura-june-2026/) - [https://container-mag.com/teaser/latam-spring-2026/colombias-port-revolution-how-puerto-antioquia-cartagena-and-new-trade-corridors](https://container-mag.com/teaser/latam-spring-2026/colombias-port-revolution-how-puerto-antioquia-cartagena-and-new-trade-corridors) *Last verified: 2026-07-29* --- *Freight Academy — Country Profile: [https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/land/co](https://www.freight-academy.com/en/information/land/co)* *Markdown mirror: [https://www.freight-academy.com/api/md/country/en/co](https://www.freight-academy.com/api/md/country/en/co)*